European Explorers

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European Explorers

• Spanish Conquistadors and French, English, and
  Dutch Explorers in the New World

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F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What words come to your mind when you see this
picture? Give me legitimate answers.
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F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What words come to mind when you see this photo?
Give me legitimate answers.
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Know the difference!!

• CONQUISTADOR A CONQUEROR WHO IS LOOKING FOR GLORY
  AND GOLD

• EXPLORER
• PERSON EXPLORING THE LAND TO ALLOW OTHERS TO
  SETTLE AND CONQUER

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1st conquest Moctezuma and the Aztecs!!

• Conqueror- Cortes
• How long did it take- two times
• Spanish conqueror, Cortes, causes the Aztec
  empire to FALL!!

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Aztec Empire
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Cortes
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2nd conquest Atahualpa and the Incas!!

• Conqueror- Francisco Pizarro
• 1532 Pizarro captured the leader, Atahualpa, and
  executed him.
• Without their leader the empire COLLAPSED!!

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Inca Empire
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Dudes
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Why were the Spanish so successful?

• Spanish had the BEST military equipment!!
• The Native Americans were frightened of the
  Spanish horses that were brought over during the
  Columbian Exchange.
• Many of the Native Americans were killed by
  European diseases.

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3 More Spanish EXPLORERS!!

• Ponce de Leon searched all of Florida looking for
  the Fountain of Youth that would keep him forever
  young.

• De Soto and Coronado
• 1539-1542 De Soto explored Florida looking for
  gold instead found the MISSISSIPPI River
• Coronado searched all of the Southwest part of
  North America looking for the 7 cities of gold

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Result of the Conquistadors and Explorers from
Spain

• PERMANENT SPANISH SETTLEMENTS!!!
• 3 TYPES
• Pueblos- towns where farming and trading was at
  the center
• Presidios- forts where soldiers lived
• Missions- Religious settlements run by Catholic
  priests and friars

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The Four Social Classes of New Spain

• 1. Peninsulares- Held the highest jobs in the
  governments and the churches. Owned large pieces
  of land, and LOTS of gold and silver.
• 2. Creoles- People born in the Americas to
  Spanish parents. Many were wealthy and well
  educated. Owned farms and ranches. Taught at
  universities, and practiced law.

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Social Classes Continued

• 3. Mestizos- Mixed Spanish and Indian background.
  Worked on farms and ranches owned by Peninsulares
  and Creoles. In the cities they worked as
  carpenters, shoemakers, tailors, and bakers.
• 4. Indians- the lowest class. Treated as
  conquered people.

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Encomienda System

• Allowed settlers to tax the Indians or make them
  work.
• In exchange, the Spanish were supposed to protect
  them
• This actually led to Indians being enslaved
• Growth of the African slave trade
• Had immunity to European diseases
• Middle Passage and African Diaspora

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INTRODUCING The French, English, and Dutch
Explorers

• John Cabot- English- searched for the Northwest
  Passage
• Water route connecting Pacific Atlantic Oceans
• Jacques Cartier - French- traveled more than
  halfway up the St. Lawrence river searching for
  the Northwest Passage

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French, English, and Dutch continued

• Henry Hudson - Dutch (1) English (2)- Searched
  for the Northwest Passage instead discovered the
  Hudson Bay in upstate New York
• English explorers wanted to get a charter
• Permission to start a colony

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Causes and Effects of the Exploration of the
Americas

• CAUSES
• Europeans want more goods from Asia.
• Europeans look for a sea route to Asia.
• Rulers of European nations look for ways to
  become more wealthy
• Columbus finds America!!

• EFFECTS
• Spain builds an empire in the Americas
• English, French, and Dutch set up colonies in
  North America
• Millions of Native Americans die from European
  diseases
• Slave traders bring enslaved Africans to the
  Americas

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Leading to.

• EUROPEAN COLONIZATION IN NORTH AMERICA!!! The
  discovery of these colonies in North America
  caused the Europeans to begin thinking that there
  was a place where they could have religious
  freedom and not be so restricted on who they
  worshipped and how!!

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• Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation
• Broke away from the Catholic Church
• Aided by the printing press
• Henry the Eighth of England
• Church of England (Anglican Church)