The Industrial Revolution

1
The Industrial Revolution


2
Life Before the Industrial Revolution

• Use the picture to help you describe life
  before industrialization.
• 1. Name all of the MACHINES in the
  picture.
• 2. How many POWER SOURCES are in the
  picture?

3
Life During
the Industrial Revolution . . .
4

• Add pics of London during this time period.

5
How did the world go from this?
6
To this?
7
In a Word Inventions

• Before the Industrial Revolution, most people in
  Britain were farmers. They lived in rural areas
  raising livestock or growing crops. The
  introduction of new farm inventions meant fewer
  people were needed to work on the farms.
• At the same time, new factories were opening up
  in big cities like London and Birmingham.
  Machines such as the power loom could weave cloth
  at an incredible speed.
• Industries, such as weaving cloth, that had
• been done by hand for centuries were now
• being done by machine.
• People started moving to the cities in large
  numbers. They were looking for jobs. They found
  them in the factories.
• One invention led the way to change.

8
A World Changing Invention

• Watts improved steam engine was the number one
  energy source in the emerging Industrial
  Revolution.

9
James Watts Steam Engine World Changing
Invention

• Improved steam engines led to improved systems
  for transporting people and factory goods. It
  also powered the machines found in factories.

10
Population Shift

• In the mid 1700s, more than half the population
  of Britain lived and worked on farms.
• Between 1750 and 1851, displaced farming families
  moved to the cities to work in the new factories.

11
Urban Living Conditions

• Factory owners rushed to build housing
• Back to back row houses
• Several people in very small spaces
• Poor sanitation
• High disease rates
• Crime
• Massive pollution

12
Working Conditions and Wages

• Common working day -
• 12 14 hours
• One short break for lunch
• Work week - 6 days per week
• 80 degree heat
• Workers were beaten if they did not perform well.
• Hot, polluted factory air damaged workers lungs.
• Workers risked losing limbs from the machines.
• Low wages

13
Child Labor

• Children shifted from farm work to factory work.
• 12 14 hour days
• 6 day weeks
• Lower wages than adults
• Began at age 5
• Mining work deformed bodies

14
Loss of Limb was Common
15
Child Labor

• As concerns about the welfare of children rose in
  mid 1800s, Parliament held investigations into
  working conditions.
• New laws and new labor unions improved conditions.

16
1833 Factory Act

• In 1833 the government passed a Factory Act to
  improve conditions for children working in
  factories. Young children were working very long
  hours in workplaces where conditions were often
  terrible. The act put into place the following
  improvements
• 1. No child workers under 9 years of age.
• 2. Employers must have a medical or age
  certificate for child workers.
• 3. Children between the ages of 9-13 to work no
  more than 9 hours a day. Children between 13-18
  to work no more than 12 hours a day.
• 4. Children are not to work at night.
• Children had two hours schooling each day.
• Four factory inspectors were appointed to
  enforce the law throughout the whole country.
  Sadly, the passing of this act did not mean that
  overnight the mistreatment of children stopped.
  This was the beginning of child labor laws.

17
Industrial Revolution in Review
The Industrial Revolution is a term used to
describe the changes that occurred in Britain
between 1760 and 1830. Industry, the way
business had been previously done, changed
drastically. This change, or revolution, had an
enormous impact on peoples lives.
18
Legacy of the Industrial Revolution

• To many historians, the Industrial
  Revolution is the most significant single event
  in history. Almost overnight, a tide of change
  altered the world forever. Britain abandoned her
  rural, agricultural economy and plunged headlong
  into the unknown, creating the world's first
  industrial economy. Other countries soon
  followed.
• The ability to mass produce goods led Britain and
  other European countries to search the globe for
• raw materials to feed its factories.
• a cheap labor force.
• a market for their products.
• Sadly, the race to carve
• up the world begins!