Chapter 13 - Review Evolution: Evidence of Change

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Chapter 13 - ReviewEvolution Evidence of Change

• Charles Page High School
• Dr. Stephen L. Cotton

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Chapter 13 - Review

• What does potassium-40 ultimately decay into
  argon-40.
• Fossil trees are petrified when the wood is
  replaced with rock.
• Later stages of embryos of related organisms
  begin to show marked differences because of
  mutations.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• Scientists estimate that the number of species
  alive today is about 0.1.
• A series of fossils shows the development of the
  horse over a period of Epoch.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• What evidence suggests that the deserts of the
  American southwest were once covered by seas?
  Shark Teeth
• What is the longest period of time in the
  geologic time scale?
• Precambrian
• Carbon-14 will change into
• nitrogen-14.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• Where is the best place to search for fossils?
• Sedimentary Rock
• Darwin called the combination of physical traits
  and behaviors that help organisms survive and
  reproduce fitness.
• In a rock column, the fossils in the upper layers
  must be youngest.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• Uranium-238 will decay into lead-206.
• All the fossils that have been collected around
  the world make up the fossil record.
• The early stages of embryonic development remain
  unchanged because the mutations that develop in
  these stages are homologous structures.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• The energy-storing compound found in all living
  things is ATP.
• The long, slow process of change in species over
  time is called evolution.
• Which is least closely related? Radioactive
  element stable element radioactive decay

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Chapter 13 - Review

• According to Darwin, any inherited characteristic
  that increases an organisms fitness for survival
  is a(n) adaptation.
• Scientists who specialize in the study of rocks
  and changes in the earth are called
  paleontologist.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• Scientists would be very surprised if they found
  a complete fossil.
• Scientists do not expect to find large animal
  fossils in amber.
• Radioactive dating is an example of absolute
  dating.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• How did Darwin explain the similarity of
  structure among living organisms? Common ancestor
• The wings of a bird and the front legs of a dog
  are called homologous structures.
• A scientist has the best chance of finding fossil
  impressions of the soft parts of organisms in
  rock.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• In humans, muscles that move the ears are
  vestigial organs.
• Can evolutionary changes involve the modification
  of primitive limbs into tails? no
• The presence of 4 tiny leg bones in pythons is
  evidence that snakes evolved from four legged
  ancestor.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• According to Darwin, the long neck and legs of
  the giraffe would be called adaptations.
• Which of the following did not influence Darwin?
  The work of Lyell the nature of DNA his
  collection of specimens his trip on the H.M.S.
  Beagle

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Chapter 13 - Review

• As sediment piles up under water, pressure
  compresses the sediment into rock
• According to Darwin, fitness arises through the
  process of adaptations
• Scientists believe that of all species ever
  alive, 99.9 are now extinct

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Chapter 13 - Review

• Darwin argued that if you look far enough back in
  time, you will see that all species have a common
  descent.
• To determine the age of the oldest rocks,
  geologists use what radioactive material?
  Uranium-238 Potassium-40.
• What would it mean if marine fossils were found
  in a mountain? There was once an ocean present
  there.

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Chapter 13 - Review

• Giant fossils ferns in Canada is interpreted to
  mean Canada was once a forest.
• The sea floor can be pushed up into mountains by
  forces upon the Earth
• Is the DNA of eukaryotic organisms totally unique
  in structure? NO

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Chapter 13 - Review

• In the past, how did people explain major
  geologic features of the Earth? religion