Chapter 16 Review The Origin of Life

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Charles Page High School
• Dr. Stephen L. Cotton

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Who was the first scientist who attempted to
  disprove spontaneous generation?
• Spallanzani demonstrated that Needham found
  microorganisms in the gravy in his bottles,
  because Needham had...

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• To demonstrate that microorganisms entered the
  flasks along with dust particles from the air,
  Pasteur
• Who was the scientist whose work was most
  effective in disproving spontaneous generation?

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Stanley Miller used electric sparks and
  ultraviolet light to simulate _____ and _____.
• Scientists believe that the Earth was formed as a
  ________.
• The Earth cooled enough for solid rock to form on
  its surface about _____ billion years ago.

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Evidence that the Earths early atmosphere did
  not contain oxygen comes from
• Evidence indicates that the Earths oceans
  developed about _____ billion years ago.

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Which of the following events was LEAST important
  for the development of multicellular organisms?
  Evolution of sexual reproduction evolution of
  asexual reproduction development of
  chloroplasts or development of mitochondria

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Microfossils provide outlines of cells that have
  been identified as ______.
• Paleontologists have found fossils of microscopic
  organisms dated as far back as _____ billion
  years ago.

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• When Stanley Miller analyzed the organic soup
  resulting from his experiment, he did not find
  which of the following? Urea acetic acid
  carbon dioxide or amino acids

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Results from repeated experiments by Miller and
  others on the origin of life forms indicate what
  about the formation of ATP?
• Each of the following has been found in objects
  from outer space except hydrogen gas gaseous
  oxygen ethyl alcohol or ice

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Some biologists believe that the first true cells
  arose when lipids from a shallow pool dried and
  formed spheres around ______ molecules.
• The water that gushes out of volcanic vents
  contains _____ compounds.

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• According to Bernal and Cairns-Smith, attractive
  forces concentrated nucleic acids onto _____
  crystals.
• A prokaryote and eukaryote each contain nucleus
  cell membrane organelle or nuclear envelope

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Each of the following conditions around volcanic
  vents is favorable for reactions leading to life
  except deposits of clay a source of chemical
  energy an assortment of chemicals or weak
  currents

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur
  in a living thing involves ____ pathways.
• The first autotrophs were common on the Earth
  about _____ billion years ago.

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Spontaneous generation cannot occur today because
  the Earth contains _____ that break down organic
  compounds.
• The first great change in life on Earth occurred
  with the development of a modern form of _____.

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• The modern form of photosynthesis first occurred
  about _____ billion years ago.
• Compared with earlier forms of photosynthesis,
  todays plants substitute ____ for _____.
• The first eukaryotic cells evolved about _____
  billions years ago.

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• One beneficial effect of oxygen in the Earths
  atmosphere was
• Organisms that can survive only in deep mud
  cannot tolerate ___.
• Compared with anaerobic pathways, aerobic
  pathways obtain from each sugar molecule ______
  times more energy.

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• A meteorite that landed in Australia in 1969
  contained ____.
• In the organic soup of the Earths oceans, Oparin
  and Fox found that amino acids linked together to
  form _______ proteins.
• The first true cells had what type of nutrition?

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Organisms that grew in layered, mat-like
  formations about 3.4 billion years ago were
  _____.
• Modern photosynthesis transformed the Earth into
  an ________ planet.
• The hypothesis that mice arose from grain is
  called _______.

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• ______ bacteria can be found today in deep mud.
• Anaerobic organisms cannot utilize ____ in their
  metabolic pathways.
• The earliest living things were eukaryotes or
  prokaryotes?

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Chapter 16 ReviewThe Origin of Life

• Today, bacteria that live near volcanic vents
  obtain energy from _____ compounds.