The Bessemer Process - 1856

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The Bessemer Process - 1856

• Henry Bessemer patented the process making the
  production of steel easier and cheaper.
• The Bessemer ProcessEQUALSMass Production in
  steel industry

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Process involves injecting air into molten iron
to burn off excess carbon and other impurities.
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Products Made of IronFrom the Vulcan Museum
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• As a result, a new age of building began.

• The Brooklyn Bridge, designed with steel cables
  suspended from high towers, was made possible by
  mass production.

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Early Skyscrapers
Strong steel plus elevators mean that Americas
teeming cities can now grow upwards!
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Old-timer keeping up with the boys. Many
structural workers are above middle-age. Lewis
Hine
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Construction worker on lunch break while building
the RCA Building at Rockefeller Center, 1932
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ElevatorsElijah Otis Inventor

• It took another innovation to begin the
  transformation of cities

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Meanwhile on the farm

• Mechanical Reapers
• Sod busting plows
• Mechanized tractorsMeans less help was needed on
  the farm

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The Railroads

• On May 10, 1869, the transcontinental railroad,
  extending from coast to coast, was finished with
  the hammering of a golden spike at Promontory,
  Utah.

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Railroads and Industry

• Railroads help to revolutionize business and
  industry by doing the following four things

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Railroads and Industry

• Provided a faster and practical way to transport
  goods
• Lowered the costs of producing goods
• Created national markets for buying goods
• Encouraged innovation in other industries

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• The growth of railroads led to the development of
  many towns throughout the western part of the
  United States.
• In 1883, the railroads adopted a national system
  of time zones to improve scheduling. a system we
  still use today.