11.2.6 Chapter 6

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11.2.6 Chapter 6

• Industrialization

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Objective

• Trace the economic development of the United
  States and its emergence as a major industrial
  power, including its gains from trade and the
  advantages of its physical geography.

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The Expansion of Industry

• Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
• After Civil War US still largely an agricultural
  nation
• By 1920, US had become leading industrial power
  in the world

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Industrial Boom

• 3 Major Factors
• 1.) wealth of natural resources
• 2.) Explosion of inventions
• 3.) growing population in urban areas

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Black Gold

• Abraham Gesner- used kerosene to light lamps
• Discovered how to distill it from oil coal

• Edwin L. Drake-
• Oil Boom-
• Gasoline-

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Bessemer Steel Process

• Coal Iron- remove carbonSteel
• Bessemer Process- injecting air
• Open-hearth Method-

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New Uses for Steel

• Railroads-
• Barbed wire-
• Reaper plow-
• Brooklyn Bridge-
• Skyscraper

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NEW INVENTIONS

• EDISON- Light bulbs/power plants 79
• ELECTRICITY CHANGED BUSINESS/LIFE IN U.S.
• SHOLES- TYPEWRITER 67
• BELL- TELEPHONE 76
• RADIO, PHONOGRAPH, MOTORS

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• RAILROADS
• 1.) transport commodities and people across vast
  distances quickly and cheaply.
• 2.)Made local transit reliable westward
  expansion possible business people
• Govt. gave huge land grants loans to R.R.

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A national network

• 1856- Extended to Miss.
• 1859- to Missouri
• 1869-Central Pacific Union Pacific met at
  Promontory Ut.

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• 1st Transcontinental RR
• 1860- 30,000 miles of track
• 1890- 7x that 210,000 miles.

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• EFFECTS OF R/R
• Railway Time

• 1000s of time zones in U.S.
• Wisconsin 38 time zones

• 1870 C.F. Dowd proposes earth divided into 24
  time zones

• 11/18/1883 r.r. country synchronize watches

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• 2. Iron, coal, steel, lumber, and glass
  industries grew rapidly to meet demand of R/R
• 3. increased growth of towns and markets
• towns began to specialize in certain commodities
• Chicago meatpacking
• Minneapolis grain industry

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CORRUPTION

• corruption of R/R angered farmers who relied on
  R/R earn a living
• Farmers demand govt regulation of R/R
• REGULATION-

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Railroad Abuses
1. Misuse of govt land grants 2. Price fixing 3.
Discriminating freight rates
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Panic of 1893

• Corporate abuse, mismanagement, over expansion,
  and competition push R/R to bankruptcy.
• created economic crisis.
• Panic of 1893 worst economic depression until
  1929.
• railroads were seized wealthy BIG BUSINESS.