Possible DBQ Topics 2002

1
Possible DBQ Topics 2002
Growth of American Nationalism
Reform Movements
Economic Expansion
Conflict Between State and Federal Sovereignty
Development of Democracy
Slavery
Manifest Destiny
The War of 1812
Sectionalism
The Crisis of the Union
2
War of 1812

• Mr. Madisons War
• Orders of Council ended
• Embargo worked but Americans were not patient.
• Democratic Republicans had tradition of being
  anti-British.
• Hartford Convention demonstrated opposition to
  the war.

• Industrial output increased because American lost
  their trading partner, thus America entered the
  industrial revolution.
• Eli Whitney
• Samuel Slater

3
Growth of Nationalism

• Political
• Marshall Court
• McCulloch 1819 and Gibbons 1821 solidified power
  of the Federal government over the states.

• Cultural
• Literature - Longfellow, Cooper,
  Transcendentalists, Weems
• Art
• Gilbert Stuart, Hudson River School, Rocky
  Mountain School

4
Growth of Nationalism

• Economic
• Tariff of 1816 - first of many tariffs designed
  to protect the infant American factory system.
• Clays American System designed to unite the
  nation with tariffs, banks and internal
  improvements.

• Essential Points.
• Reconcile the growth of nationalism with
  undercurrents of sectionalism.
• Was this period appropriately called the Era of
  Good Feelings?

5
Development of Democracy

• The Constitution in and of itself has built in
  mechanisms to expand democracy.
• 10th Amendment established the principle of
  federalism, here states are given the right to
  create and modify election laws. - By 1820 most
  states drop land ownership voting requirements
• By 1840 Candidates are chosen by open conventions

• Electors are chosen by voters not state
  legislators.
• 1824 - 25 of eligible voters participate
• 1828 - 78 participate
• Essential Question
• Is this era appropriately named the Age of
  Jacksonian Democracy?

6
Sectionalism

• Competing economic agendas led to
• Differing interpretations of the Constitution
  assemblage of states versus an assemblage of
  people. Which level is more powerful. Major
  economic issue Tariff.
• North - needed to keep Britain from dumping cheap
  manufactured goods.
• South - made Northerners rich at the souths
  expense. Offended cotton customer Britain.
• Could the divergent economies reconcile the
  tariff issue?

• Different economic systems led to different
  cultural development.
• Agrarian society is vastly different from an
  industrial society Rural V. Urban
• Why were reform movements unpopular in the South?

7
Reform Movements

• The Constitution in and of itself has built in
  mechanisms to change and improve America.
• Federalism allows grassroots change.
• Amendment process allows the Constitution to be
  changed. Although no amendments were added
  between 1820 and 1860
• 9th and 1st Amendments give Americans latitude to
  experiment with ideas

• 2nd Great Awakening is the foundation for most
  reform movements. Although the Transcendentalists
  challenged authority of organized religion
• Communal Experiments
• Temperance
• Prison Reform
• Education Reform
• Womens Rights Reform
• Abolition
• Motives?

8
Manifest Destiny

• It is by the right of our manifest destiny to
  overspread and to possess the continent - John
  OSullivan Democratic Review, 1845
• Conflicts
• Maine - Aroostook War- Webster Ashburton
  Treaty
• Oregon -54 forty or Fight
• Texas - Annexation and War

• Other Areas of Concern
• Ostend Manifesto- Cuba
• Walker Expedition - Baja California
• Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 1850 Trans isthmus canal
• Gadsden Purchase 1853
• James K Polk - Expansionist
• Problems
• Expansion of Slavery
• Displaced Native Americans
• Start of American Imperialism

9
Economic Expansion

• After 1840 industrialization spread rapidly
  throughout the Northeast.
• Sewing Machine(Elias Howe) took clothing making
  out of the home.
• Telegraph (Morse) went hand in hand with the
  development of the railroad.

• Canal boom of the 1820 helped establish trade
  connections between the Great Lakes/Midwest with
  the East.
• Canal Boom replaced by Railroads
• Iron into steel - Bessemer Process
• Local and State Governments gave with loans and
  tax breaks
• 1850 US government started granting land to RR
  developers (Illinois Central)

10
Economic Expansion

• Essential Reasons for development
• Scheduling of Trans-Atlantic trading
• Demand for whale oil for home fueling
• Clipper Ships New York to San Francisco cut from
  180 days to 89 days (Gold Rush)
• Steamships replaced Clippers in the 1850 further
  cutting the cost of shipping (Fulton)

• Opening of Japan by Matthew C. Perry 1854
• Panic of 1857
• Drop in Western Farm Products
• High unemployment in the N.Egt
• Because the South was unaffected many southerners
  believed the plantation system of the south was
  immune to economic downturns.

11
Slavery

• Southern Position - allowed by the Constitution
  as property. Any attempt to limit slavery was an
  infringement on Constitutional Rights. Use
  States Right arguments to defend any Federal
  encroachments.
• Northern Position using the Northwest Ordinance
  as a precedent most felt that Congress had the
  right to regulate the growth of slavery.

• Government Response to Slavery
• Missouri Compromise
• Wilmot Proviso (never adopted)
• Compromise of 1850
• Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
• Dred Scott 1857
• Doomed 13th Amendment
• Lincoln Douglas Debates-
• House divided Speech
• Freeport Doctrine

12
Slavery

• Literature -Uncle Toms Cabin 1852. Inflamed
  feelings in both the North and the South.
• Impending Crisis in the South 1857Hilton Helper
• George Fitzhugh Attacked the capitalist wage
  system Sociology for the South 1854 and Cannibals
  All 1857

• Crisis
• Instability of two major parties, rise of the
  Know Nothings (The American Party), Republican
  Party
• Bleeding Kansas - conflict between the pro
  slavery (border ruffians) settlers and the free
  soilers ( New England Emigrant Aid Society)
• Lawrence and Pottawatomie Creek incidents.
• Caning of Charles Sumner 1856- The Crime
  against Kansas

13
Crisis of Union

• Slavery - growing moral issue in the North, South
  sought to defend and expand the peculiar
  institution.
• Constitutional Disputes over the nature of states
  rights and the Federal Union
• Economic differences between the industrial North
  and the agrarian South.
• Political Blunders and extremism on both sides.

• 1. Agitation regarding Slavery
• Underground RR
• Compromise of 1850
• Kansas Nebraska Act
• John Browns Raid
• 2. Constitutional Issues
• Lecompton Constitution
• Dred Scott
• Lincoln Douglas Debates
• 3. Economic Differences
• Tariff Issue
• 4. Political Blunders and Extremism
• Know Nothings
• Bleeding Kansas
• Caning of Sumner

14
Crisis of Union

• Road to Secession
• John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry 10/1859
• Election of 1860- Break up the Democratic Party -
  Stephen Douglas No. Democrat, John C Breckinridge
  So. Democrat, Republican Nomination of Lincoln,
  Fourth Political Party Constitutional Unionist
  Party. Lincoln carried 59 of the electoral votes
• Upon Lincolns election South Carolina voted for
  succession, by early 1861 10 other states
  followed

• Crittenden Compromise- Senator John Crittenden
  proposed the 36 30 line be extended into the
  Mexican Cession, Lincoln refused because it
  contradicted the Republican Platform

15
Conflict Between State and Federal Sovereignty

• States Rights V Federal Power
• Hartford Convention 1814
• McColloch V Maryland 1819
• Gibbions V Ogden 1824

• Hayne-Webster Debates
• Tariff Crisis of 1832