The Cold War in Asia: Part 2

1
The Cold War in Asia Part 2

• The Korean War 1950 - 53

2
Significant US Background

• NSC-68 is new definition of US policy
• Containment is no longer enough
• Red Scare at home encourages and allows political
  leaders to pursue stringent anti-communist
  policies
• Maos victory in 1949
• US China Lobby miffed at Truman

3
Stalins Refusal turns to Approval

• Stalin initially worried the US would respond,
  BUT
• Dean Achesons Defense Perimeter speech
• US pulls out of S. Korea 1949
• Stalin worried that Mao would support Kim become
  more influential in Asia
• Sino-Soviet Pact ensures cooperation in Asia

Sino-Soviet Pact 1950
Dean Acheson
4
Mao is Ready to Support

• Mao gives approval to Norths Kim when asked
• Is also concerned about possible action in
  Formosa
• Willing to get involved b/c dont want US to have
  control over all of Korea fear imperialism

5
The War

• June 25, 1950 July 37, 1953
• Initially N. Korea vs. S. Korea UN
• China gets involved when UN forces push back to
  the Yalu R. (Chinese border)
• USSR provides aid few secret air missions
• Battle of Inchon is most significant battle

6
Gains Losses

• 2.5 million civilians (both N. S) died
• 1million soldiers
• No territory was ulitmately gained or lost
• A demilitarized zone at the 38th parallel still
  exists today

7
Political Fallout

• Inability to win war decisively hurts him
• 1951 56 of US see war as useless
• Eisenhower wins the 52 election brings
  armistice
• MacArthur loses his post fired by Truman for
  insubordination in wanting a wider war (nukes)

8
Armistice

• July 1953 after 2 years of negotiation
• 5 articles involving
• Demarcation line
• Cessation of hostilities
• POWs
• Recommendations to both govts
• Misc
• Signed by UN commanding officers of North
  South Korea
• Rhee refused to sign
• No formal Peace Treaty ever signed

9
US Reactions

• Treaty of San Francisco 1952 allowed for US bases
  in Japan
• US continues to support Chiang in Taiwan w/
  economic military support
• China remains isolated from US
• US becomed committed to other Asian nations
  battling Communism (I.e. Vietnam)
• SEATO

10
Your Turn Use your critical thinking to analyze
the outcome of the Korean War on

• China
• USSR
• Korea

Then Analyze the effects of the Korean War on
the Cold War