Lesson 5.3: The French and Indian War

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Lesson 5.3 The French and Indian War

• Today we will explain how the French and Indian
  War began to divide American colonists from the
  British government.

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Vocabulary

• proclamation an official government
  announcement
• interior the part of a country far from the
  coastline
• foreshadow to predict through events
• invincible undefeatable by any opponent

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Check for Understanding

• What are we going to do today?
• Why is it incorrect to describe Menifee as being
  an interior part of the U.S.?
• Can you name an invincible sports team?
• What might your Progress Report foreshadow?

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What We Already Know

• By the 1730s, thirteen separate colonies
• had been established by England up and down the
  Atlantic coast of North America.

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What We Already Know

• During the period of
• salutary neglect, colonists enjoyed a greater
  degree of freedom and self-government than ever
  before.

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What We Already Know

• The Great Awakening helped colonists to become
  comfortable with the idea of challenging
  authority, either in the church or in the
  government.

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France Claimed Western Lands

• While English colonists were settling the eastern
  coast, the French were exploring the North
  American interior.
• By the late 1600s, French explorers had claimed
  the Ohio River valley, the Mississippi River
  valley, and the entire Great Lakes region.

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France Claimed Western Lands

• The French built their main settlements, Quebec
  and Montreal, along the St. Lawrence River in
  Canada.

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France Claimed Western Lands

• France also built forts along the
• Great Lakes and along rivers that fed
• into the Mississippi River.

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France Claimed Western Lands

• Some Europeans in New France were Jesuit priests
  who wanted to convert Native Americans to
  Christianity.
• Others worked as fur traders.

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Native American Alliances

• The English competed with the French in North
  America over the rich fur trade.
• In turn, the fur trade led to economic and
  military alliances between the Europeans and
  their Native American trading partners.
• The Indian peoples of the Great Lakes region were
  allied with the French, while those of upper New
  York often were allied with the English.

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Native American Alliances

• As Native American tribes competed with each
  other for furs, wars broke out between them.
• When France and England went to war, their
  colonists in North America attacked each others
  settlements and forts.
• As the Europeans fought, their Indian allies
  joined in.

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War Begins and Spreads

• When war broke out between France and Britain,
  Benjamin Franklin suggested that the colonies
  band together for defense.
• His Albany Plan of Union was the first formal
  proposal to unite the colonies.

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The Albany Plan of Union

• Representatives from each colony would form a
  Grand Council, able to collect taxes, raise
  armies, and make treaties.
• Colonial legislatures later defeated the plan
  because they did not want to give up control of
  their own affairs.

Still, it foreshadowed the time when the colonies
would band together to fight for independence
from Britain.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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Whiteboard Policies

• Use the marker only to write your answers no
  doodling, no coloring, no fancy letters, etc.
• Put the cap on your marker when youre not using
  it.
• Display your answers by holding your boards under
  your chin (Chin it!)
• When the period is over, leave the whiteboard
  with the marker and eraser on your desk top.

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Why were the French and English competing for
control of North America?

1. Both nations saw military advantages in
   possessing North America.
2. Control of North America would give either nation
   access to trade with Asia.
3. Both countries desired the wealth in gold and
   other precious metals that they knew could be
   found in North America.
4. North America was an almost limitless source of
   wealth in furs.

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How did their relationships with European nations
lead to conflict between different Indian groups?

1. Tribes disagreed about uniting to force the
   Europeans to remove their colonies.
2. Only some of the Native American groups wanted to
   continue trading with Europeans.
3. Some groups had economic loyalties with the
   French and others with the British.
4. The British and French had spread insulting
   rumors about the different tribes.

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What was the intent of the Albany Plan of Union?

1. To request the help of the British military
2. To defend the colonies against France and its
   native American allies
3. To prevent the French from attacking American
   outposts
4. To support George Washington's desire to head the
   colonial militia

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Why was Franklins Albany Plan of Union
historically important?

1. It was the first attempt to bring selfgovernment
   to the colonies.
2. It hinted at the time when the colonies would
   join to fight a common foe.
3. It foreshadowed the time when the colonies would
   unite to fight Indians.
4. It made Benjamin Franklin a leading figure in the
   colonies.

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Braddocks Defeat

• British General Edward Braddock and two regiments
  came to Virginia in 1755.
• On July 9, near Fort Duquesne, French and Indian
  troops surprised Braddocks forces.
• General Braddock died from his wounds and nearly
  1,000 of his men were killed or wounded.
• American colonists were stunned by Braddocks
  defeat and by many other British losses over the
  next two years.

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William Pitt Takes Charge

• In 1757, Britains new secretary of state William
  Pitt was determined to win the war in the
  colonies.
• He sent the nations best generals to America and
  borrowed money to hire colonial troops to fight.
• By 1760, Canada was in British hands and by 1763
  France had surrendered.

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The Treaty of Paris

• Under the Treaty of Paris, France gave up all its
  land in North America to Great Britain.
• Britain gave its ally, Spain, all the land west
  of the Mississippi.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
26
Whiteboard Policies

• Use the marker only to write your answers no
  doodling, no coloring, no fancy letters, etc.
• Put the cap on your marker when youre not using
  it.
• Display your answers by holding your boards under
  your chin (Chin it!)
• When the period is over, leave the whiteboard
  with the marker and eraser on your desk top.

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How was Prime Minister William Pitt's able to
turn things around for the British in the war?

1. He made new alliances that won Iroquois loyalty
   from the French to the British.
2. He persuaded Parliament to spend more money on
   war materiel and mercenaries.
3. He sent the nations best generals to America and
   borrowed money to hire colonial troops to fight.
4. He made an alliance with Russia that doomed the
   French to defeat.

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15. What was decided by the French and Indian War?

1. The British would control most of North America,
   not the French.
2. British settlers would be allowed to settle lands
   as far west as the Mississippi River.
3. All the British claims in New York would be
   turned over to France.
4. All Native American land claims should be
   respected.

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How were maps of North America different after
the war?

1. France no longer appeared on any maps of North
   America.
2. Spain now owned all the land west of the
   Mississippi.
3. For the first time, Britain controlled the coast
   of North America.
4. The Great Lakes region were now controlled by
   Russia and Austria.

Choose all that are true!
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Pontiacs Rebellion

• British settlers began moving across the
  mountains onto Native American land in the spring
  and summer of 1763.

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Pontiacs Rebellion

• Indians responded by attacking settlers and
  British forts west of the Appalachians.
• This revolt was called Pontiacs Rebellion, after
  the Ottawa war leader.

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Pontiacs Rebellion

• The British finally invited Indian war leaders in
  to talk and then gave them blankets infected with
  smallpox as gifts.
• By the fall, the Native Americans had retreated
  and the uprising was over.
• Still, Pontiacs Rebellion made the British
  government see that defending Western lands would
  be expensive.

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The Proclamation of 1763

• Parliament issued the Proclamation of 1763,
  which forbade colonists to settle west
  of the Appalachians.
• The colonists felt they had won the right to
  settle the Ohio River Valley.
• The British government was angry because the
  colonists did not want to pay for their own
  defense.
• This hostility helped cause the war for American
  independence.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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Why did Pontiac lead an uprising against the
British?

1. British settlers were moving across the mountains
   onto Native American land.
2. He had not received the items he had been
   promised by the British for his aid against the
   French.
3. He had learned about the British use of
   diseaseladen blankets before 1763.
4. He wanted to establish an allNative American
   empire in North America.

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How did the British defeat Pontiacs forces?

1. They sent thousands of German mercen-aries to
   America to fight the Indians.
2. They made a new alliance with France to combine
   forces against them.
3. They invited Pontiac to truce talks, but then
   took him prisoner.
4. They gave the Indians smallpox-infected blankets
   as gifts.

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16. How was the Proclamation of 1763 a response
to Pontiacs Rebellion?

1. It reflected Parliaments desire to make
   alliances with Indian peoples living east of the
   Mississippi River.
2. It led to the destruction of Indian peoples
   living east of the Mississippi River.
3. It reflected Parliaments desire to expand its
   colonial settlements into the West.
4. Parliament hoped it would reduce clashes between
   settlers and Indians.

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17. Why did the Proclamation of 1763 anger
colonists?

1. It placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other
   products shipped to the colonies.
2. It would keep them from moving west across the
   Appalachian Mountains to get new land.
3. It called for harsh punishment of smugglers.
4. They felt that Britain had no right to tax them
   directly, since they were not represented in
   Parliament.

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Whish of the following does NOT help explain why
historians view the outcome of the French and
Indian War to be a prelude to the American
Revolution?

1. It made the colonists angry toward the British
   government.
2. It gave many colonists valuable military
   experience.
3. It demonstrated to the colonists that the British
   army was not invincible.
4. It showed the colonists a way to defeat the
   British later on.

Choose the statement that is NOT true!
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Do NOT write out the questions below
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Copy this diagram on Portfolio p7
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Write these 10 questions into the left-hand boxes
of your chart.

• 1. Why were the French and English competing for
  control of North America?
• 2. How did their relationships with European
  nations lead to conflict between different Indian
  groups in the 1600s?
• 3. How did the Albany Plan of Union foreshadow
  the American Revolution?
• 4. How was Prime Minister William Pitt able to
  turn things around for the British in the war?
• 5. How were maps of North America different after
  the war?
• 6. Why did Pontiac lead an uprising against the
  British?
• 7. How did the British defeat Pontiacs forces?
• 8. Why did Parliament issue the Proclamation of
  1763?
• 9. Why did this Proclamation anger colonists?
• 10. Why is the outcome of the French and Indian
  War seen as a prelude to the American Revolution?