The Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution

• The Revolution that changed the world forever
• By zach mohammad ?

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• The industrial revolution were in
• Europe
• America

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Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?
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Mine Forge 1840-1880

• Coal is more powerful than water.
• Iron is more powerful than wood.
• Innovations that make steel feasible.

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Young Coal Miners
As the number of factories grew people from the
countryside began to move into the towns looking
for better paid work.
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Child Labor in the Mines
Child hurriers
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Richard Arkwright spinning frame

• Also called water frame.
• It was the first powered, automatic, and
  continuous textile machine 

The Water Frame
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Factory Production

• Concentrates production in oneplace materials,
  labor.
• Located near sources of power
• Requires a lot of capital investmentfactory,
  machines, etc. morethan skilled labor.
• Was only 10 of English industry in 1850.

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Cotton textileby Richard Arkwright

• the first big industry was cotton textile
  factories.

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Textile FactoryWorkers in England
1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers
1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers
1850 224, 000 looms gt1 million workers
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Textile FactoryWorkers in England

• The textile industry significantly grew during
  the Industrial Revolution. 

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Young Bobbin-Doffers
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The Factory System

• Hard schedule.
• 12-14 hour day.
• Dangerous conditions.
• Mind-numbing monotony.

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John Kays Flying Shuttle
In May 1733, Kay invented his "New Engine of
Machine for Opening and Dressing Wool". This
machine included the Flying Shuttle. Before the
invention of the Flying Shuttle, weavers had to
pass the shuttle through the warp threads by hand.
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Steam Locomotive
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Crystal Palace Exhibition 1851
Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.
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Problems of Population
The population of England doubled between 1680
and 1820. The population increase provided the
large supply of cheap labor needed by the
factories. It also provided an increase in demand
for manufactured goods.
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The Luddites 1811-1816
The Luddites were people in the 19th-century
English textile artisans who violently protested
against the machinery introduced during the
Industrial Revolution that made it possible to
replace them with less-skilled, low-wage
labourers, leaving them without work
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The Peoples Charter

• Drafted in 1838 by William Lovett.
• Radical campaign for Parliamentary reform of the
  inequalities created by the Reform Bill of 1832.

• Votes for all men.
• Equal electoral districts.
• Abolition of the requirement that Members of
  Parliament MPs be property owners.
• Payment for Members of Parliament.
• Annual general elections.
• The secret ballot.

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Thomas Malthus

• Population growth willoutpace the food supply.
• War, disease, or faminecould control
  population.
• The poor should have less children.
• Food supply will then keep up with population.

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David Ricardo

• Iron Law of Wages.
• When wages are high,workers have morechildren.
• More children create alarge labor surplus
  thatdepresses wages.

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The Socialists Utopians Marxists

• People as a society would operate and own
  themeans of production, not individuals.
• Their goal was a society that benefited
  everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.
• Tried to build perfect communities utopias.

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Government Response

• Abolition of slavery in the coloniesin 1832
  to raise wages in Britain.
• Sadler Commission to look intoworking conditions
• Factory Act 1833 child labor.
• New Poor Law 1834 indoor relief.
• Poor houses.
• Reform Bill 1832 broadens thevote for the
  cities.

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1850 Zones of Industrializationon the European
Continent

• Northeast France.
• Belgium.
• The Netherlands.
• Western German states.
• Northern Italy
• East Germany ? Saxony

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The Results of Industrial revolution at the end
of the 19c
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Industrial revolution By 1850
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To America

• Francis Cabot Lowell was a business man from
  Newburyport, Massachusetts who brought the
  revolution to America.
• While on a trip to England in 1810, Francis
  Cabot Lowell was allowed to tour the British
  textile factories.
• He memorized the blueprint of the textile
  machines

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• Industrial Having to do with industry, business
  or manufacturing
• Revolution a huge change or a change in the way
  things are done
• Industrial Revolution a change from making
  things by hand to making them in factories.

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Transportation

• Before the Industrial Revolution, people relied
  on the horse and their own feet to get around.
• With the invention of the steam locomotive,
  transportation took a huge step forward.
• The first two major railroad companies were the
  Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads.

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Passenger carriers
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Leland Stanford

• Leland Stanford was a business tycoon, (a
  wealthy, powerful person in business or industry)
  co-founder of the Central Pacific Railroad,
  creator of Stanford University, and the governor
  of California.

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James Hargreaves

• With the invention of the spinning jenny and the
  power loom by James Hargreaves, the textile
  industry took off.
• Clothes could now be made far faster than ever
  before.

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Spinning wheel

• The spinning wheel was the first invention, but
  it was very slow.
• Threads were spun one at a time, by hand.

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The spinning jenny

• The spinning jenny could spin up to eight thread
  at time. The spinning jenny was much faster than
  the spinning wheel.

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The Spinning Mule

• The spinning mule used water power to spin the
  thread, which was much faster than doing it by
  hand.
• More cloth could now be made.

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The Power Mule
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The power loom

• The power loom used water power to weave cloth
• People could make a lot of cloth quickly.

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A cotton factory
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Agriculture

• Advances in agriculture were also made.
• The invention of the seed drill allowed farmers
  to plant many more seeds much more quickly.
• The reaper allowed farmers to harvest their crops
  more efficiently.
• More crops could now be grown feeding an
  increasing population.

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The seed drill
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The reaper

• The reaper was used to cut down the harvest. As
  you can see, it would take a long time to do it
  by hand.

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The mechanical reaper

• The mechanical reaper was a lot faster than doing
  the hand reaper

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Steel

• With the invention of steel, buildings could be
  made much taller.
• Steel was much harder than iron, which would bend
  if made too tall.
• The steel industry created many new products, and
  led to the invention of the car.

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Smoke stacks of a factory
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A melting plant
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Andrew Carnegie

• Andrew Carnegie became a millionaire in the steel
  business by putting all his competitors out of
  business.
• He created U.S. Steel in Pittsburg.

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Henry Ford

• Henry Ford invented the first practical car, the
  Model T.
• The car had been invented earlier, but Ford was
  the first to make the car affordable.

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Samuel Gompers

• With all the new businesses being created,
  someone needed to take care of the workers.
• Gompers created the American Federation of Labor,
  or organization of other labor unions that had
  bonded together to protect the rights of workers.
  

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• "Industrial Revolution Inventions Timeline â??
  1712-1942." The Story of America RSS. N.p., n.d.
  Web. 10 Dec. 2012.
• "When Did the Industrial Revolution Start in the
  U.s.a.?" Yahoo! Answers. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 10
  Dec. 2012.
• The Luddites were 19th-century English textile
  artisans who violently protested against the
  machinery introduced during the Industrial
  Revolution that made it possible to replace them
  with less-skilled, low-wage labourers, leaving
  them without work