Late Middle Ages

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Late Middle Ages

• Part 2

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5. The Black Death

• First appeared in Italy in 1347 and spread to the
  rest of Europe.
• It killed more than a third of Europes seventy
  million people.

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5. The Black Death

• Consequences
• Depopulation
• Migration to cities revitalization of urban life
• Opportunities for class mobility demand of
  workers
• Dislocation of social order and social clashes
• Rising secularism
• End of feudalism in many areas

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6. Wars and famine

• The Hundred Years War
• England and France (1337-1453)
• Important figure
• Joan of Arc
• The wars depleted the resources of both
  countries.

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6. Wars and famine

• Hundred Years War Modern warfare (gunpowder,
  ambushes)

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7. Political situation

• Raising of constitutional monarchies
  (parliament).
• Political and territorial consolidation of the
  French, English and Spanish monarchies.
• Creation of a national identity.
• What about the Church?

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8. The Church

• Religious and cultural leadership in the High
  Middle Ages.
• Great economic and political power
• The raising of national monarchies diminishes the
  power of the Church

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8. The Church

• Great Schism (1378 to 1417) Instigated by
  political alliances the Church divides Pope at
  Avignon and Pope at Rome

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8. The Church

• Repression and religious intolerance
• Holy Inquisition suppressed heretic movements
  though torture and executions.
• In Spain it was used to forcibly convert Muslims
  and Jews into Christianity.

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8. The Church

• Consequences
• lost of prestige for the institution.
• Rise of anticlericalism/ secularism
• Rise of devotional piety and mysticism
  individual experience of God.

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9. Cultural changes

• Faith and reason are finally separated they have
  different ends.
• Explanations of the natural world are pursued
  through reason.
• Use of the empirical method (modern science).

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9. Literature

• Rise of literature in vernacular languages
• New patrons and audiences urban nobles and
  middle class
• Social realism study of social types (Triumph
  of Death)
• Invention of the printing press (1455)
  production and distribution of literature

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9. Literature

• Italy
• Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) Divine Comedy
• Petrarch (1304-74) Canzoniere
• Boccaccio (1313-75) Decameron
• England
• Geoffrey Chaucer (1342-1400) The Canterbury Tales

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10. Late Medieval Painting Italy

• The Italian painter Giotto (1300s) is a
  revolutionary figure.
• He introduces
• perspective
• feelings

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10. Late Medieval Painting Italy