William the Conqueror King John Joan of Arc

1
William the Conqueror King John Joan of Arc

• Lesson 11-7

Horrible Histories The Measly Middle Ages WS -
Weaponry of the Middle Ages
1
2

• TN SPI
• 6.6.3 Describe ways in which individuals can
  change groups (William of Normandy, King John)
• 6.6.2 Recognize the impact of individuals on
  world history (William the Conqueror, Joan of
  Arc)
• 6.4.3 Identify the development of written laws
  (Magna Carta)

2
3
William the Conqueror
King John
Joan of Arc
4
Birth of Nation-States

• Feudalism was based on a patchwork of kingdoms
  ruled by kings and lords.
• Over time, kings became more powerful and large
  areas of Europe united under one ruler leading
  to the end of feudalism.
• During the 1100s these small kingdoms gave birth
  to nation-states a strong central government
  with a single ruler the monarch or king.
• Kingdoms grew larger with the royal marriage of
  two rulers, and Christianity continued to
  influence daily life.

4
5
William the Conqueror

• During the AD 900s, the Vikings conquered part of
  western France. The region became known as
  Normandy.
• By AD 1000s, a Viking descendant named William
  ruled the land.
• William, king of Normandy, was also a cousin of
  King Edward of England.

6
King Edward of England

• When Edward died, William believed he should be
  king of England.
• In 1066, William along with his army of knights
  crossed the English Channel and landed in
  England.
• It was there where he fought the Battle of
  Hastings.
• William became known as William the Conqueror.

7
Accomplishments of William

• Ruler of Normandy (France)
• Invaded England in 1066 and declared himself king
  of England. Battle of Hastings
• Set up a system of Feudalism in England giving
  large land grants to the knights who helped him
  in battle
• Took the first census in Europe since Roman times
  called the Domesday Book.
• A count of people, manors, and animals

8
8
9
William the Conqueror

• King William spent much of his time crushing
  revolts against him.
• He proved himself a strong ruler who dominated
  his nobles.
• William died at the age of 50 when his horse fell
  and crushed him.
• The kings who followed him Henry I and Henry II
  further increased the power of the king.
• King John, the son of Henry II, would soon face
  the anger of English nobles.

9
10
England
English Channel
France
10
11
King John Angers the Nobles

• John, the son of Henry II, became king of England
  in 1199.
• He quickly increased his wealth and power.
• He heavily taxed the citizens.
• He jailed his enemies unjustly without a trial.
• He seized Church property.
• He tried to block the popes choice for bishop of
  England.

11
12
The Magna Carta

• On June 15, 1215, two-thousand angry nobles
  gathered and presented King John with a list of
  demands.
• Called the Magna Carta, John was forced to sign
  the document limiting the power of the king.
• The Magna Carta created the Great Council of
  lords and clergy who were consulted before the
  king could make decisions.
• The Great Council eventually became the
  Parliament, a law making legislature and unified
  England into a nation.

12
13
Accomplishments of King John

• King John signed (forced) the Magna Carta.
• This document
• Limited the power of the king/monarch
• Established that people have rights and the power
  of the government should be limited
• Created a Great Council or Parliament
• The king could no longer collect taxes unless
  Parliament agreed
• Habeas corpus could not imprison indefinitely
  without a trial

14
Hundred Years War

• Despite the growth of nation-states, Western
  Europe was not at peace.
• The Hundred Years War was fought between England
  and France from 1337 to 1453.

14
15
Causes of the War

• Several events caused the war
• Royal marriages allowed English kings to govern
  and control French lands.
• England and France both wanted control of the
  English Channel.
• Each nation wanted to control trade in the region
  and the wealth that it brought.

15
16
Joan of Arc

• became one of Frances greatest heroes.
• was the daughter of a peasant farmer.
• was very religious and believed she saw heavenly
  visions.
• dressed as a man, cut her hair short and
  convinced Charles, heir to the French throne,
  that God called her to lead the French forces at
  the Battle of Orleans.
• was given armor, attendants, horses, and a
  special banner to carry into battle.

17
The War Drags On

• As the war went on, fought by one king and then
  another, England won most of the battles.
• The tide turned in 1429 when a peasant girl
  called Joan of Arc took charge of the French
  forces at the Battle of Orleans.
• Under Joans command, the French defeated the
  English and led her forces to victory in other
  battles.

17
18
The War Drags On

• In 1430 Joan of taken prisoner and accused of
  witchcraft and wearing mens clothes.
• She was convicted and burned at the stake.
• Joan became a martyr, and her death inspired the
  French to win many victories.
• By 1453, the English had been driven from most of
  France.
• France was on its way to becoming a strong,
  united nation.

18
19
Accomplishments of Joan

• Had a vision to save the nation of France
• Led the French against an invasion by England
  (Hundred Years War)
• Defeated the English army at the Battle of
  Orleans
• Was tried by the English for witchcraft and was
  executed burned at the stake

20
Results of the War

• Kings became more powerful and noble influence
  declined
• Modern boundaries of England and France were set
  and unified both into separate nations
• Feudalism ended
• England began to look to distant lands for trade
  and conquest (increase wealth, colonies, spread
  Christian beliefs)

20
21
New Weapons

• Two new weapons were used on the battlefield
  during the Hundred Years War
• Longbow - This weapon was generally between four
  to six feet in length and could hurl arrows with
  uncanny accuracy and speed.
• Crossbow - The Medieval crossbow was reintroduced
  to England by William the Conqueror and the
  Normans in 1066. The crossbow range was 350 400
  yards but could only be shot at a rate of 2 bolts
  per minute.
• Cannon - Castles could not withstand the
  firepower of cannons and armored knights became
  less valuable in battle. (gunpowder from China
  reached Europe in the 1300s)

21
22
(No Transcript)