The Hundred Years War

1
The Hundred Years War

• 1337-1453

2
1337-1453

• Edwardian War 1337-1453
• Caroline War 1369-1389
• Lancaster War 1415-1429
• Results national identity
• Strengthening of French monarchy
• Weakening of English monarchy
• Wars of the Roses

3
Origins of Anglo-French Conflict

• 911 Rollo the Viking invaded France and was
  appeased by French king Charles the Simple
• Given the duchy of Normandy making the Dukes of
  Normandy titular vassals of the French monarchy

4
William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy

• Anxious to increase his holdings, William of
  Normandy invaded England in 1066 and defeated
  king Harold of Wessex at the Battle of Hastings.
• The new king of England William I the Conqueror
  was also the vassal of the king of France
  because of his holdings in Normandy

5
Henry II of England

• Because of marriage alliances Henry II of
  England great-grandson of William I held most
  of France
• Normandy
• Maine
• Anjou
• Gascony
• Aquitaine

6

• By 1324, weaknesses in the English monarchy
  allowed the French monarchs to reduce English
  holdings in France to only Gascony
• Internal French weaknesses made the French
  vulnerable to a desire by the English to reclaim
  their lands.

7

• Philip III of France d. 1285
• Children
• Philip IV of France
• Charles, Ct. of Valois

8

• Philip IV of France The Fair d. 1314
• Children
• Louis X d.1316
• John I 1316
• Philip V d. 1322
• Charles IV d. 1328
• Isabella m. Edward II of England

9

• After the death of Philip V the last son of
  Philip IV the French throne was to have passed
  to Edward III of England the son of Philip IVs
  daughter Isabella

10

• Instead, the French nobility named a grandson of
  Philip III king Philip VI of the House of Valois

11
(No Transcript)
12

• 1324 Charles IV defeated the English in Gascony
  and embarrassed the English monarchy.
• 1328 Charles IV died and SALIC LAW made the
  French throne skip the children of Isabella and
  go to her cousin Philip VI.
• 1337 French ships ravaged the English coastline
  Philip VI claimed Gascony claiming that Edward
  III did not fulfill his feudal obligations.

13

• Growing capitalism and the importance of the
  English wool trade and English involvement in
  the Low Countries and Burgundy moved Philip to
  use Genoese ships to destroy English shipping.
• 17 million French
• 4 million English
• 1340 Battle of Sluys French fleet defeated by
  the English allowing the English to move
  against France

14

• 1346 Battle of Crecy English victory using
  the long bow
• 1347 port city of Calais taken allowing the
  English a permanent port for troops and trade

15
(No Transcript)
16

• After time off for the Black Death the war
  resumed
• John II of France captured 1356 near Poitiers
  taken as a prisoner to the Tower of London
• 1356 Second Treaty of London Aquitaine
  restored to England and Johns son Louis
  exchanged for him

17

• 1358 Jacquerie peasant uprising in France
  against the war and the roaming soldiers who
  destroyed the countryside when not in service.
• 1360 Treaty of Bretigny Edward III was to
  renounce his claim to the French throne in
  exchange for part of Brittany, Aquitaine, Calais,
  Ponthieu and the allegiance of half of the French
  kings vassals.
• 1362 John IIs son escaped from London and was
  replaced by his father who soon died.

18

• Charles V of France 1364-1380
• Charles began to reclaim French lands from Edward
  as Edward never renounced his right to the
  French throne.
• English losses and in 1377 the death of Edward
  III and Edward, the Black Prince Prince of Wales

19
Edward, Prince of Wales- the Black Prince
20

• Peace of Bretigny
• 1360

21
After Edward III

• Edward III died in 1377
• His heir was the infant son of his eldest son
  Edward, the Black Prince.
• Richard II

22

• Richard II faced problems from his manipulative
  uncles especially John of Gaunt, the Duke of
  Lancaster.
• He also faced a peasant uprising from Wat Tyler

23

• Richard II was a weak king and was usurped by his
  cousin, Henry Bolingbroke son of John of Gaunt.
• The weaknesses in the English monarchy inspired
  the French to attack violating the Peace of
  Bretigny.

24

• Henry IV was succeeded in 1413 by his son Henry
  V who battled the French.
• He allied England with Burgundy
• Agincourt 1415
• 1420 Treaty of Troyes named Henry heir to
  Charles VI
• Married Katherine of Valois daughter of Charles
  VI

25

• 1422 Henry V and Charles VI died within months
  of each other.
• In Paris, the infant Henry VI was proclaimed King
  of France
• BUT his uncle the dauphin proclaimed
  himself Charles VII

26

• The Dauphin (Charles VII) was inspired to renew
  the fight for his throne against the English and
  Burgundians by a peasant girl Joan of Arc.
• Battle of Orleans
• Inquisition burned 1431

27

• 1453

28
Black Death Slows Down the War
29

• Some physicians dressed like this in order to
  avoid contracting the plague.

30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)