Bacterial Infection of Cardiovascular system

1
Bacterial Infection of Cardiovascular system
By
Dr. Humodi A. Saeed Associate Prof. of Medical
Microbiology College of Medical Laboratory
Science Sudan University of Science and
Technology E mail address Biotechsust_at_hotmail.com
2
Cardiovascular system (CVS)
3
Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• What is Cardiovascular system?

4
Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• Definition
• Cardiovascular system (circulatory system),
  defined as a group of organs that transport blood
  and the substances it carries to and from all
  parts of the body.

5
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Components?

6
Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• Components
• The cardiovascular (circulatory) system consists
  of
• 1. The heart
• 2. Blood vessels.

7
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Functions?

8
Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• Functions
• 1. Circulates blood throughout the body.
• 2. Delivers nutrients and other essential
  materials to cells.
• 3. Removes waste products.

9
Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• Function
• (It serves as the body's transportation system).

10
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Diseases?

11
Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• Cardiovascular diseases
• Disease of the heart and blood vessels.

12
Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• Bacteraemia

13
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• 1. Bacteraemia
• Presence of organisms not permanent.
• Organisms not multiplying.
• Patient asymptomatic.
• Important means of spread for other diseases.

14
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Causes of Bacteraemia
• Group B streptococcus
• Escherichia coli (and other enteric Gram negative
  bacilli)
• Listeria monocytogenes
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Neisseria meningitides
• Salmonella spp

15
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Causes of Bacteraemia (cont.)
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Group B streptococcus
• Neisseria meningitides
• Salmonella spp
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Listeria monocytogenes

16
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Causes of Bacteraemia (cont.)
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Neisseria meningitides
• Salmonella spp

17
Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• Septicaemia

18
Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• 2. Septicaemia
• Septicaemia is a potentially life-threatening
  infection in which large amounts of multiplying
  bacteria are present in the blood. It is commonly
  referred to as blood poisoning.

19
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Septicaemia
• Organisms actively multiplying.
• Patient acutely symptomatic.

20
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Causes
• Septicaemia usually arises as a result of
  localised infection in the body. The primary site
  of infection may occur in the
• Respiratory system
• Skin
• The gastrointestinal system
• Genitourinary system.
• Bacteria usually spill over from the primary
  infection site into the blood and are carried
  throughout the body thereby spreading infection
  to various systems of the body.

21
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Symptoms
• Fevers
• Chills
• Rash

22
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Mortality
• Very high even with prompt therapy.
• Gram positive 10 20
• Gram negatuve 25 40
• Septic shock 40 90

23
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Endocarditis

24
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• 3. Endocarditis
• Viridans Streptococci
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Staphylococcus aureus
• CoN Staphylococci Stomatococcus species
• Enterococcus species

25
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• 3. Endocarditis (Cont.)
• HACEK group
• Bartonella species
• Rickettsia burnetii
• Brucella species
• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
• Enterobacteriaceae
• Ps. aeruginosa,
• Corynebacterium sp. Propionibacterium sp.

26
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Myocarditis

27
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• 4. Myocarditis
• Cory.diphtheriae
• Clostridium perfringens
• group A Streptococcus Borrelia burgdorferi
  Neisseria meningitidis Staphylococcus aureus

28
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• 4. Myocarditis (Cont.)
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Chlamydia pneumoniae
• Chlamydia psittaci
• Rickettsia rickettsii
• Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

29
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Pericarditis

30
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• 5. Pericarditis
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis

31
Bacterial Infection of CVSLab. Diagnosis

• Specimen
• Blood

32
Bacterial Infection of CVSLab. Diagnosis

• Essential points
• Multiple collections
• (3 in 24 hours)
• Maximum volume
• (do not overfill!)
• 3. Aseptic collection / handling technique is
  CRITICAL

33
Bacterial Infection of CVS Lab. Diagnosis

• Microscopy
• Gram stain
• To detect
• Gram positive
• 2. Gram negative

34
Bacterial Infection of CVS Lab. Diagnosis

• Blood culture
• To isolate the causative agent (s).

35
Bacterial Infection of CVS

• Treatment
• After performing sensitivity test.

36

Thank you