Islam, Judaism

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Islam, Judaism Christianity
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Origins of Each Faith

• Date and Place founded
• Judaism approximately 1300 B.C. in Palestine
• Some say the date is unknown
• Christianity approximately 33 A.D. in Palestine
• Islam 622 A.D. in Saudi Arabia

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Founders and Early Leaders

• Founders and Early Leaders
• Judaism Abraham and Moses
• Christianity Jesus
• Islam - Muhammad

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Brief History on Origins

• Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded
  Judaism around 2000 B.C. Judaism is the oldest of
  the monotheistic faiths (religions with one God).
• Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was
  crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem. It was
  after his death when his followers came to
  believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah.
• Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad between
  A.D. 610 and A.D. 632

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Spread of Each Faith

• Early Expansion
• Judaism Little expansion mostly confined to
  Israel
• Christianity by the end of the 4th century
  Christianity spread across the entire Roman
  Empire
• Islam Within 12 years, entire Arabian
  peninsula after 100 years stretched from Spain
  to Southeast Asia

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Terms for Followers and Clergy

• Followers Called
• Judaism Jews
• Christianity Christians
• Islam Muslims
• Clergy Called
• Judaism rabbis
• Christianity bishop, pastor, ministers, priest
• Islam - imams

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Where and When They Worship

• House of Worship
• Judaism synagogue or temple
• Christianity church, cathedral, chapel
• Islam mosque
• Day of Worship
• Judaism Saturday
• Christianity Sunday
• Islam - Friday

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Languages of Faiths

• Original Language
• Judaism Hebrew
• Christianity Aramaic and Greek, then Latin
• Islam Arabic
• Names of God
• Judaism Yahweh and Elohim
• Christianity God, the Trinity
• Islam - Allah

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Sacred Texts of Each Faith

• Sacred Texts
• Judaism Hebrew Bible
• Christianity Old Testament and New Testament
• Islam Quran (Koran)

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Monotheistic Beliefs

• Ultimate Reality (Type of Theism)
• Judaism One God
• Christianity Trinity (God the father, God the
  Son, and God the Holy Spirit)
• Islam One God

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Divine Revelation

• How do we know about God?
• Judaism through prophets recorded in the Hebrew
  Bible
• Christianity through prophets and Jesus as
  recorded in the Old and New Testament
• Islam through Gods final prophet Muhammad
  recorded in the Quran

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Identity of Jesus

• Judaism False prophet
• Christianity Son of God, the Messiah, Savior
• Islam prophet of God

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Death of Jesus

• Judaism death by Crucifixion
• Christianity death by Crucifixion
• Islam Did not die, but ascended into heaven (a
  disciple took his place)

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Resurrection of Jesus

• Judaism Denied
• Christianity Affirmed
• Islam Denied since he did not die

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Means of Salvation

• Judaism Belief in one God good deeds
• Christianity correct belief, good deeds by
  faith accept Christ as Savior (Protestants)
• Islam Belief in one God good deeds and follow
  Five Pillars of Faith

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Afterlife

• Judaism eternal heaven, or no afterlife
• Christianity eternal heaven
• Islam eternal paradise (heaven)
• Judaism - eternal hell, or no afterlife
• Christianity eternal hell
• Islam eternal hell

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Symbols

• Judaism Star of David
• Christianity cross
• Islam crescent with name of Allah in Arabic

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View of Fellow Abrahamic Religions

• Judaism Islam and Christianity are false
  interpretations and extensions of Judaism.
• Christianity Judaism is a true religion, but
  with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false
  religion.
• Islam Jews and Christians are respected as
  fellow believers, but with wrong beliefs and only
  partial revelation.

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Where They Can Be Found

• Major Locations TODAY
• Judaism Europe, Israel, North America
• Christianity Europe, North and South America
• Islam Africa, Middle East, and Southeast Asia

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Current Worldwide Followers TODAY

• Judaism 14 million (ranks 12th)
• Christianity 2 billion (ranks 1st)
• Islam 1.3 billion (ranks 2nd)
• In the USA
• Judaism 5.6 million
• Christianity 159 million
• Islam 1.1 million

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Jerusalem Holy City of all Three Faiths Film
Clip
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Judaism

• JUDAISM is a religion of just one people the
  Jews.
• JUDAISM was the first to teach belief in only one
  God.
• Two other important religions developed from
  Judaism Christianity and Islam.

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Judaism Briefly

• Judaism is around 3500 years old and is the
  oldest of the world's four great monotheistic
  religions (religions with only one God). It's
  also the smallest, with only about 12 million
  followers around the world.
• Its holy city is Jerusalem.
• The Jewish calendar is based on 29 or 30 days
  therefore they have 12.13 months.

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Judaism History Film Clip
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Judaism beliefs

• Jews believe that there is a single God who not
  only created the universe, but with whom every
  Jew can have an individual and personal
  relationship.
• They await the Messiah, who will be an earthly
  king. They believe in heaven, but that God
  determines where they go after life on earth.
• Give a tithe (10). Ten Commandments is the
  basic code of law.

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Judaism

• Jews think that God will send a Messiah (a
  deliverer) to unite them and lead them in His
  way.
• Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah.
  The Jewish people do not agree they anticipate
  His arrival in the future.
• Judaism teaches that death is not the end and
  that there is a world to come.

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Jewish Philosophy

• God is one and unique
• God is the creator
• God is transcendent
• God is immanent.
• God is lawgiver
• God is personal
• We have the obligation to worship
• The Torah is God's law
• God is judge
• The Messiah will come.

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Judaism Holy Book

• The most holy Jewish book is the Torah (the first
  five books of the Christian Bible). Others
  include Judaism's oral tradition, the written
  form of which is known as the Talmud.
• The Torah (scroll of teachings) contains the five
  books revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai.
• Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers Deuteronomy
• Hebrew is read right to left.

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Judaism

• The "Torah," the first five books of the Hebrew
  Bible, is the most important Jewish scripture.
• It contains the basic laws of Judaism.
• Another important book is the "Talmud," serving
  primarily as a guide to the civil and religious
  laws of Judaism.

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Judaism Place of Worship

• Jews worship in Synagogues or temples. Men and
  women usually sit separately.
• Worship is led by a Rabbi.
• Friday evening is time for worship.

Stamford Hill, London
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Judaism

• The Jewish house of worship is called a
  synagogue.
• Rabbis (spiritual leaders) conduct services, act
  as interpreters of Jewish laws, and deliver
  sermons.
• Today there are over 18 million followers of
  Judaism scattered throughout the world.
• A large number of those people live in the Jewish
  nation of Israel. Over six million live in the
  United States.

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Christianity briefly

• Christianity is the world's biggest religion,
  with about 2.2 billion followers worldwide.
• It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who
  lived in the Holy Land 2,000 years ago.

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Christianity

• The early Hebrews who eventually developed into
  the Jewish religion became the foundation of
  Christianity.
• Jesus, or the Messiah, was a Jewish boy who
  disagreed with some of the Jewish principles of
  his day began to profess a new way of thinking.
• This eventually led to the beginning of the
  Christian religion.

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Christianity History Film Clip
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Christianity

• Christianity started about 2000 years ago about
  the same time of Jesus.
• The central point of Christian belief is that
  God, the Father, entered into human history as
  the Son, Jesus of Nazereth, and arose as the Holy
  Spirit. 

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Christian Philosophy

• God is the Creator of the universe. There is one
  God, Who is Three  Persons-      Father, Son and
  Holy Spirit.
• Jesus is both fully man and fully God.  He was
  born of the Virgin Mary  Crucified, resurrected
  from the dead, and ascended to the Father.

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Christianity Beliefs

• Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son
  of God
• God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from
  the consequences of its sins
• Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after
  his Crucifixion (the Resurrection)
• Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah
  promised in the Old Testament
• Christians believe that there is only one God,
  but that this one God consists of 3 "persons"
• Christians believe that God made the world.

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Christianity Beliefs continued

• Christians believe that they can have a personal
  relationship with God, and that they are saved by
  faith, not works. Grace is the law code.
• They believe in actual heaven and hell.
• They believe that the Bible is the inspired word
  of God.
• Their giving is a tithe or offerings.

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Christian Philosophy

• Sin and Evil are realities in our existence.
• The Bible is the Holy Book that records God's
  revelation.
• All believers are promised life everlasting.
• The leader of Christianity was Jesus, and the
  followers was his 12 disciples.

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Christianity Film Clip
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Christians Holy Book

• The Bible is the Christian holy book. It is
  divided into the Old and New Testaments. Parts of
  the writing contained in the Old Testament are
  also sacred to Jewish and Muslim people.

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Christian Place of Worship

• The Christian place of worship is called a
  Church, which are built in the shape of a cross
  with the altar facing east towards the rising
  sun. Services are led by a priest, pastor or
  reverend.
• Day of worship is normally Sunday but most
  recently Saturday has been added.

Westminster Abbey London
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Islam Briefly

• Islam is the second most popular religion in the
  world with over a thousand million followers.
  Islam began in Arabia and was revealed to
  humanity by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon
  him).
• Those who follow Islam are called Muslims.
  Muslims believe that there is only one God,
  called Allah, who speaks Arabic.
• The Muslim calendar has 354 days and is based on
  the 12 crescent moon cycles.

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Islam

• ISLAM is the name given to the religion preached
  by the prophet Muhammad in the 600s A. D.
• The Islamic religion started in the area known as
  Palestine in the year 600AD.
• It has about 850 million followers, most of them
  in the region north and east of the Mediterranean
  Sea.

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Mohammed Film Clip
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Mohammed Film Clip Two
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Islam

• The holy book of Islam is the "Koran." Muslims
  believe its words to be those of Allah himself,
  spoken to Muhammad by an angel.
• Allah, is the Islamic God.
• People who believe these ideas are called
  Muslims.

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Muslims Sects Film Clip
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Islamic Philosophy

• Muslims learn that life on earth is a period of
  testing and preparation for the life to come.
• Angels record good and bad deeds.
• People should behave themselves and help others,
  trusting in Allah's justice and mercy for their
  reward.

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Teachings of Islam Film Clip
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Islam Holy Book

• The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an. It is
  'the word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices
  are rooted in the Qur'an.
• Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect
  because they believe that the Qur'an is from
  Allah, and every word and every letter is sacred.
• Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word
  of God.
• It is read from right to left and written in
  Arabic, the language of heaven.

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Koran Film Clip
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Islam Place of Worship

• The Muslim building for communal worship is
  called a Mosque. The word comes from the Arabic
  for "place of prostration".
• Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day
  from minarets towers on the mosque corners.
• They contain only designs, no people or animals
  or furniture.
• Normal day of worship is Friday.

Jamia Mosque in Derby England
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Islam

• Muslims pray five times daily in their mosques
  (churches).
• While praying, they face the holy city of Mecca
  (in Saudi-Arabia) and sometimes kneel with faces
  to the ground.
• All Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage
  (trip to a sacred place) to Mecca at least once
  in their lifetime.

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Mosque Film Clip
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Five Pillars Belief system/law code

• Shahadah declaration of faith "I bear witness
  that there is no god, but God I bear witness
  that Muhammad is the prophet of God." By reciting
  this, one enters Islamic faith.
• Salah prayerMuslims are required to pray five
  times a day, washing themselves before prayer and
  facing in the direction of Mecca while praying.
• Zakat giving a fixed proportion to charity
  Muslims are required to give away a percentage
  of their earnings to those less fortunate,
  regardless of their religion.
• Saum fasting during the month of RamadanMuslims
  fast for one lunar month each year, a period
  called Ramadan. During this time, Muslims reflect
  on their behaviour and strive to purify their
  thoughts.
• Hajj pilgrimage to MeccaIf it is financially
  possible, Muslims are required to travel to Mecca
  once in their lifetime.

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Five Pillars of Islam Clip
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Main Festivals Continued

• HijjaThe month of pilgrimage during which all
  Muslims, at least once in their life, should try
  to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and worship at
  the Kaaba

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Haj Film Clip