Ancient Greece

1
Ancient Greece

• Foundation of Western Civilization

2
Geography

• Lots of mountains and sea
• Led to development of small isolated communities

3
Minoan Civilization

• Settled on the Island of Crete
• Capital Knosos
• Trade empire
• Collapsed 1450 BC

4
Mycenae

• 1600 1100 BC
• Warrior culture
• Murals war hunting
• Homeric Greece
• Spread their influence

5
(No Transcript)
6
Dark Ages

• 1100 750 BC
• After collapse of Mycenae
• Few records
• Settlement of Ionia (Asia Minor)

7
(No Transcript)
8
Homer

• Major influence on Greek culture, philosophy, and
  history
• Wrote Epic Poems
• Iliad
• Odyssey
• Both deal with the Trojan War

9
Iliad

• During the war
• Accounts of the hero Achilles
• Heel, Prophecy, Hector, Paris
• Story of Helen
• King of Sparta, Paris, Agamemnon
• Trojan Horse

10
Odyssey

• Odysseus journey home from the Trojan War
• Considered one of the greatest masterpieces of
  all time

11
Homers Lasting Affect

• Heroic ideal
• Arete
• Excellence
• Courage
• Honor
• Athenian youth made to memorize Homers works

12
The Greek City-State

• Polis
• City-state
• Independent
• Acropolis
• Fortified area at the top of the hill
• Temples and shrines
• Agora
• Below the acropolis
• marketplace

13
Major Greek City-states

• Athens
• Sparta
• Thebes
• Corinth

14
(No Transcript)
15
Tyranny

• Created by wealth from trade
• Tyrant
• Today oppressive or wicked
• Then seized power by force
• Revolution
• Overthrew the traditional aristocracy
• Led to new governmental ideals
• Democracy
• Rule by the people
• Oligarchy
• Rule by the few

16
Sparta

• Conquered neighbors
• Messenia Laconia
• People became serfs
• Helots
• Needed a strong military state

17
(No Transcript)
18
Spartan Military

• Boys taken at age 7
• Lived in camps near the barracks
• Trained in sports
• Age 20 joined the army
• Lived in barracks could marry
• Age 30 could move home
• Eligible for the assembly
• Served military until 60

19
Spartan Government

• 2 Kings
• 5 Ephors (elected yearly)
• Council of Elders
• 2 kings
• 28 citizens over 60
• Shut themselves off
• No travel allowed
• No outsiders welcome

20
Athens

• Ruled by king
• Peasants were sold into slavery for not paying
  debts
• Verge of revolution

21
(No Transcript)
22
Reforms of Solon

• Canceled all debts
• Freed slaves
• Could not prevent tyranny
• Pisistratus
• Gave land to peasants
• Son was overthrown

23
Reforms of Cleisthenes

• Formed council of 500
• Foreign affairs
• Treasury
• Proposed laws
• Voted on by assembly
• Athenian Assembly
• Made up of all male citizens
• Passed laws