Parallelism: Repetition and Change, Comparison and Surprise

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Parallelism Repetition and Change, Comparison
and Surprise
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Parallelism in Prose

• Bring about clarity, efficiency, forcefulness,
  rhythm, and balance

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Visual Parallelism

• Synchronize multiple channels of information
• Draw analogies
• Enforce contrasts and comparisons
• Provide a coherent architecture for organizing
  and learning from images (and words and numbers)

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Parallel Strategies

• Pairing
• Orientation
• Simultaneity
• Overlap
• Superimposition
• Flowing together on a common track
• Codes
• Pointer lines
• Sequence
• Adjacency
• Analogy
• Similar Content

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Spatial Parallelism

• Take advantage of our capcacity to compare, and
  reason about multiple images

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Parallel in Time
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Parallel in Time
Using Flap to see before and after
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Parallel in Time

• Allow a simultaneous visual comparison exactly in
  position
• Avoid the disorienting back-and-forth movement of
  eyes
• Comparison is still usually more effective when
  the information is in space rather than stacked
  in time

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Parallelism Connects Visual Elements

• Connections by position, orientation, overlap,
  synchronization, and similarity

Connections can be subtle and elegant
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Parallelism Enforces Visual Comparisons
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Text, Time-Series, Image
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Eclipse and Projection
Peter Apian 1533
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Multiple Parallelism
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Musical Parallelism

• Parallelism between orchestra and soloist
• Parallelism between visual explanation and sound
  of music

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Parallel Streams
Sales of popular and rock music
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Cyclogram
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Superimposed Parallelism
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Obstruction of Parallelism
Replacing Code with Direct Labels
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Obstruction of Parallelism
Replacing Code with Direct Labels
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Parallel Description

• Five descriptions run in
• parallel
• Photograph
• Hand-drawn heads
• Hand-written numbers
• List of numbers
• names

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Faulty Parallelism
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Faulty Parallelism
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Parallel Strategies

• Pairing
• Orientation
• Simultaneity
• Overlap
• Superimposition
• Flowing together on a common track
• Codes
• Pointer lines
• Sequence
• Adjacency
• Anaogy
• Similar Content