Chapter 16: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

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Chapter 16Development Psychopathology
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Chapter 16 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

• Abnormality
• Statistical deviance
• Maladaptiveness
• Interferes with personal and social life
• Poses danger to self or others
• Personal distress
• DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA)

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Developmental Aspects

• Developmental psychopathology study of origins
  and course of maladaptive behavior
• Disorders and not disease (you have it or you
  dont)
• A pattern of maladaption, not defects
• Social and Age Norms
• Developmental issues
• Nature/Nurture (origin of maladaptive behaviors)
• Risk factors
• Prediction

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The Diathesis-Stress Model

• Diathesis predisposition or vulnerability
  (genetic, cognitive, personality)
• Stress environmental pressure
• Interaction of genes and environment
• Example Depression
• Genetic vulnerability
• Environmental trigger(s)
• Not specific stressors for specific disorders
• Bad things have bad effects for some people some
  of the time

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• Extreme stress and high vulnerability (severe
  disorder)
• Extreme stress and high resiliency (mild
  disorder)
• Low stress and high vulnerability (mild disorder)
• Low stress and high resiliency (no disorder)

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Autism

• Begins in infancy more boys
• Several autistic spectrum disorders
• Impaired social interaction, communication
• Repetitive, stereotyped behaviors
• 75 have mental retardation 10 have savant
  syndrome
• Severe cognitive impairment
• Biologically based
• Concordance MZ60, DZ 0

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Psychopathology Autism video
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Depression

• Infancy
• Somatic symptoms
• Depressive-like states
• Related to poor attachment
• At risk if mother depressed
• Failure to thrive syndrome may occur

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Childhood

• Externalizing problems
• Undercontrolled disorders
• Acting out
• Aggressive, out of control
• Internalizing problems
• Overcontrolled disorders
• Inner distress, shyness
• More girls

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• Figure 16.3

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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

• DSM-IV Criteria some combination of
• Inattention
• Impulsivity
• Hyperactivity
• More boys 3-5 of US kids
• Comorbidity common
• Overactive behavior wanes with age
• Attentional, adjustment problems remain
• Most well adjusted in adulthood

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ADHD-Causes and Treatment

• Neurological low Dopamine, other NTs
• Differential processing
• Underactivity in motor area
• Genetic predisposition Environmental stress
• 70 helped by stimulants
• Overprescription a problem
• Most successful if combined with behavioral
  treatment

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Depression

• Childhood
• Somatic symptoms
• Psychotherapy, medication effective
• Nature/Nurture question
• Adolescence
• Often related to childhood symptoms

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Adolescence

• Storm and stress
• Only about 20
• Heightened vulnerability to psych disorders
• Alcohol and drugs are problems
• Eating disorders
• Anorexia nervosa more girls (3/1)
• Bulemia nervosa binge-purge
• Some genetic predisposition stress also
• Psychological treatment usually successful

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Adolescent Depression and Suicide

• 35 depressed 7 diagnosable
• Cognitive symptoms
• Behavioral acting out
• Genetic link
• Environmental triggers
• Suicide 3rd leading cause of death
• Males commit 31 compared to females
• Females attempt 31 compared to males

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Adulthood

• Rates of disorder decrease after age 18
• Depression
• Elderly less vulnerable to major depression
• Concern with elderly
• Depression often related to health
• 15 have some symptoms
• 1-3 diagnosable
• Difficult to diagnose
• More women (21)

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Depression and Dementia

• Many undiagnosed and untreated
• Elderly can benefit, should NOT be excluded from
  treatment
• Dementia progressive deterioration of neural
  functioning associated with memory impairment,
  declines in tested intellectual ability, poor
  judgment, difficulty thinking abstractly and
  often personality changes
• Alzheimers Disease
• Leading cause of dementia
• Progressive and irreversible

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Causes of Alzheimers

• Senile plaques masses of dying neural material
  with toxic protein called beta amyloid
• The plaque injures/kills neurons
• Neurofibrillary tangles twisted strands of
  neural material
• Early-onset form (prior to age 60)-genetic links
• Late-onset form (after age 70)-family history not
  predictive

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• Figure 16.6