Islam 2

1
Islam 2
2
Practice

• Friday worship in mosque
• Men and women separate in mosque
• Modest dress
• Dietary restrictions
• No Pork
• No wine
• Meat must be ?alal
• Usury and gambling forbidden

3
Islamic Law

• Shariah
• The straight way
• Prescriptions for social conduct
• Based on sunnah of Muhammad
• Actions
• Consent
• Speech
• Six collections of Hadith

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Islamic Law

• Scope of actions
• Obligatory, ?alal
• Commendable
• Neutral
• Reprehensible
• Forbidden, ?aram
• Fiqh, interpretation of Shariah
• Based on Quran, Sunnah, reasoning, analogy,
  consensus.
• Different traditions of law

5
Sunni-Shia Split

• Originates in disagreement over succession
• Theological differences develop
• Sunni
• Succession through elected caliphs
• 80 of Muslims
• Shia
• Succession through Ali
• Muhammads cousin
• True caliph should be descendent of Muhammad

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Sunni Islam

• About 85 of Muslims
• Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan
• Orthodox legal tradition

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Shia

• Succession of 7 or 12 Imams
• First 3 Imams Ali, Hasan and Husayn
• Some believe the 12th Imam to return as the Mahdi
• Ismailis recognize a different 7th Imam as the
  last, who is hidden

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Sufism

• Mystical traditions of Islam
• Different orders, tariqas
• Asceticism and meditation
• Extinction of self, fana
• Selfless love
• Corrective, supplement to orthodoxy

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Sufism

• Training by murshid or shaykh
• Use of paradox, metaphor and poetry
• Dhikr, continual remembrance
• al-Ghazali 1058 -1011 defended Sufism to orthodox
  Islam

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Jihad

• Jihad
• Striving or struggle
• Greater Jihad is struggle against the lower self
• Lesser Jihad is protecting the Way of God against
  evil forces
• Jihad not to be for personal gain
• Quran forbids coercion in religion