Articulation and Phonology

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Articulation and Phonology
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Classifying sounds of speech

• Classified broadly as consonants and vowels
• Consonants are further classified according to
• Placement of articulators
• Manner of airflow
• Presence or absence of vocal fold vibration

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Placement

• Placement
• Bilabial
• Alveolar
• Palatal
• Velar
• Labiodental
• Interdental

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Manner of airflow

• Manner
• Stop
• Fricative
• Affricate
• Liquid
• Glide
• Nasal

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Vocal fold vibration

• Either the vocal folds vibrate, or they dont and
  the sound is produced only on air from lungs
• k g
• t d

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Vowel classification

• Classified by placement of tongue in the oral
  cavity
• Vowels are resonated through the oral cavity
• High low vowels
• Front back vowels

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Vowel chart
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Distinctive features

• Binary system of analyzing vowels and consonants
  by their distinct features (characteristics)
• Anterior
• Continuant
• Coronal

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Normal speech development

• Vegetative vocalizations (birth-2 months)
• Coo and goo (2 months)
• Babbling (5 months)
• Reduplicated babbling (6 months)
• Variegated babbling (8 months)
• First word (1 year)

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Phoneme acquisition

• Vowels are mastered before consonants
• Consonants are gradually mastered
• Acquired in the initial position first
• Stops and nasals acquired first
• Clusters are mastered late (7-8 years)

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Articulation or phonology?

• Phonological impairments are disorders of
  conceptualization. The rules of phonology the
  child uses are different from the norm
• Articulations disorders are disorders of
  production. They produce the sound the wrong way
• Substitute the wrong sound
• Omit the sound
• Distort the sound
• Add an additional sound