GROSS ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN

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GROSS ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN CRANIAL NERVES
IIMARTINI. ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY7TH
EDITION. CHAPTER 14
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PRESENTATION CREATED BYDR. ALFONSO A.
PINO.COLLABORATORPROFESSOR NIDIA ROMER.
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NOTE

• THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE
  REVIEW.
• THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY
  GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS /
• QUIZZES.
• STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR
  TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED
  DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE
  SYLLABUS

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• CORPORA CUADRIGEMINA- (TB 445, LB 230)
• 2 SUPERIOR COLLICULIES-
• F- TO PROCESS VISUAL SENSATION FOR VISUAL
• 
  REFLEX
• TO CONTROL REFLEX MOV OF EYES, HEAD
  NECK
• 2 INFERIOR COLLICULIES-
• F- TO PROCESS AUDITORY SENSATION FOR
  AUDITORY
• 
  REFLEX
• TO CONTROL REFLEX MOV OF HEAD, NECK,
  
• TRUNK (LOUD VOICE)
• CORPUS CALLOSUM-
• F-TO CARRY INFO BETWEEN CEREBRAL
  HEMISPHERES
• FORNIX- TRACTS OF WHITE MATTER THAT CONNECTS
• 
  LIMBIC SYSTEM

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• SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM- IT SEPARATES THE LATERAL
• 
  VENTRICLES (I II)
• THALAMUS- FROM ANTERIOR COMMISURE TO PINEAL
• 
  GLAND
• F- RELAYS PROCESSING CENTERS FOR SENSORY
  
• 
  INFORMATION
• INTERMEDIATE MASS-(BROWN MODEL) TB 453, FG11-A
• F- TO CONNECT BOTH SIDES OF THE THALAMUS
• HYPOTHALAMUS- FROM SUPERIOR TO THE OPTIC
• CHIASM TO POSTERIOR MARGIN OF MAMMILLARY
• 
  BODIES
• F- TO CONTROL EMOTIONS- FEEDING, HUNGER
• 
  THIRST CENTERS
• AUTONOMIC F-HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE,
• RESPIRATION DIGESTIVE FUNCT
• TO SECRETE HORMONES (ADH, OXYTOCINE)
• TO CONTROL CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

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• EPITHALAMUS (PINEAL BODY- OR GLAND)-
• F- TO PRODUCE MELATONIN H
• SETTING CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
• TIMMING HUMAN SEXUAL
  MATURATION
• PROTECTS BRAIN AGAINST FREE
  RADICALS
• LOC- LIES POST PORTION OF ROOF OF 3RD
  VENTRICLE
• CEREBELLUM-
• VERMIS- (NARROW BAND OF CORTEX ALONG THE
  MIDDLINE)
• F- TO SEPARATE RIGHT
  LEFT CERREBELLAR
  
  HEMISPHERES
• ARBOR VITAE- WHITE MATER OF CEREBELLUM
• F OF CEREBELLUN- ADJUST POSTURAL MOV-
  BALANCE
• 
  
  EQUILLIBRIUM
• PROGRAMMING FINE TUNING MOV TO MAKE
  MOVEMENTS
• 
  
  SMOOTH

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THE CEREBELLUM
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THE CEREBELLUM (ARBOR VITAE)
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MENINGES

• MENINX MEMBRANE FOR PROTECTION
• CRANIAL MENINGES (TB 441, LB 218)
• (FROM EXRTERNAL TO INTERNAL)
• DURA MATER- ENDOSTEAL
  LAYER
• DURAL SINUS
• DURA MATER- MENINGEAL
  LAYER
• SUBDURAL SPACE
• ARACHNOID MATER
• SUBARCNOID SPACE CONTAINS
  CSF
• PIA MATER- FOR NOURISHMENT
  CEREBRAL
• 
  
  CORTEX

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CRANIAL MENINGES (CONTINUATION)

• DURA MATER
• FALX CEREBRI- FORMED BY DURA MATER ALONG
• 
  LONGITUDINAL FISSURE
• F- TO SEPARATE THE CEREBRAL
  HEMISPHERES
• SUPERIOR SAGITAL SINUS- VENOUS SINUS WITHIN
• 
  THE FALX CEREBRI
• TENTORIUM CEREBELLI- ON TOP OF THE
• 
  CEREBELLUM
• F- TO SEPSRATE THE CEREBRAL
  HEMISPHERES
• FROM THOSE OF THE CEREBEBELLUM

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VENTRICLES

• FUNCTION OF THE VENTICLES- TO CONTEIN CSF
• LATERAL VENTRICLES (I II)
• 3RD VENTRICLE
• INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN- TO CONNECT LATERAL
• 
  VENTRICLE WITH 3RD VENTRICLE
• CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT- TO CONNECT 3RD VENTRICLE
• WITH
  FOURTH VENTRICLE
• FOURTH VENTRICLE
• COROID PLEXUS- (TB 442)F- IT CONTEINS THE
  EPENDIMAL
• 
  CELLS FOR PRODUCTION OF CSF

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CRANIAL NERVES

• I- OLFACTORY N- (NOT SEEN IN CHARTS, JUST IN
  MODEL)
• F- SPECIAL SENSORY, TO CARRY SMELL
  IMPULSE
• II- OPTIC N- SPECIAL SENSORY, TO CARRY VISUAL
  INFO
• III- OCULOMOTOR-MOTOR-TO CONTROL MOV OF OF THE
• 
  MUSCLES OF THE EYES
• IV-TROCLEAR-MOTOR, EYE MOV (SUPERIOR OBLIQUE
• 
  MUSCLE OF EYES)
• V-TRIGEMINAL- (SENSORY MOTOR)- TO FACE
• 
  CHEWING MUSCLES
• VI-ABDUCENS-MOTOR- EYE MOV. LOC PONS MEDULLA
• F- LATERAL RECTUS MUSCLE OF THE EYES
• VII- FACIAL-(SENSORY MOTOR)-
• F- MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
• CARRYES MOTOR INFO FOR FACE

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• VIII- VESTIBULOCOCLEAR N- SPECIAL SENSORY
• VESTIBULAR BRANCH- BALANCE
  EQUILIBRIUM
• COCLEAR BRANCH- HEARING
• IX- GLOSOPHARINGEAL N- SENSORY MOTOR-
• HEAD NECK
• X- VAGUS N- SENSORY MOTOR-
• ORGANS IN THORAX ABDOMEN
• XI-ACCESSORY N- MOTOR-
• NECK, UPPER BACK, TRAPEZIUS
• 
  STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID M
• XII- HYPOGLOSAL N- MOTOR- TONGE MOV

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OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM OLFACTORY
FIBERS OLFACTORY BULB OLFACTORY TRACT (chapter
17)
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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

• PARASYMPATHETIC OR CRANEOSACRAL DIVISION-
• TO MANTEIN
  BODY UNDER RESTING CONDITIONS
• PREGANGLIONIC NEURON LOCATED IN CNS, FOUND IN
  BRAIN AND
• 
  SACRAL PART OF SPINAL CORD (S2-S4)
• PREGAGLIONIC FIBERS FROM CNS TO GANGLIA
• INTRAMURAL OR TERMIANAL GANGLION- CONTAIN
  GANGLIONIC
• 
  
  NEURON
• POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS FROM GANGLIA TO
  ORGAN
• SYMPATHETIC OR THORACO LUMBAR DIVISION-
• 
  TO PUT THE BODY IN ALERT STATE
• PREGANGLIONIC NEURON IN CNS (SPINAL CORD
  T1-L2)
• WHITE RAMUS COMMUNICANS CONTAIN PREGANGLIONIC
  
• 
  
  UNMYLINATESFIBERS
• SPLANCHNIC NERVES PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS
• SYMPATHETIC CHAIN GANGLIA CONTAIN GANGLIONIC
  NEURONS
• COLLATERAL GANGLION CONTAIN GANGLIONIC NEURONS
• GRAY RAMUS COMMUNICANS CONTAIN POSTGANGLIONIC
  
• 
  
  UNMYLINATED FIBERS

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