Gross Anatomy Part 1

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Gross AnatomyPart 1

• Robert M. Miller, Ph.D.

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Major Brain Systems

• Cerebral Cortex
• Thought, Language, Reasoning, Perception
• Voluntary movement, Sensory discrimination
• Cerebral hemispheres
• Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital lobes
• Associational tractscorpus callosum
• Gyrus / Sulcus

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Major Brain Systems (motor)

• Cerebellum
• Movement, Balance, Posture
• Cortex Hemispheres
• Basal Ganglia
• Movement
• Globus pallidus, Putamen, Caudate, Claustrum
• Striatum Caudate Putamen
• Lenticular Globus pallidus Putamen

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Major Brain Systems

• Midbrain
• Visual reflexes, Auditory reflexes, Eye
  movements, Body movements
• Subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, red
  nucleus
• Superior and inferior colliculus
• Thalamus
• Sensory and Motor integration
• Lateral and medial geniculate bodies
• Other thalamic nuclei

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Major Brain Systems

• Hypothalamus
• Body temperature, Emotions, Hunger, Thirst,
  Circadian rhythms
• Controls pituitary gland
• Limbic System
• Emotional behavior, Learning, Memory
• Amygdala, hippocampus, mamillary bodies,
  cingulate gyrus

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Major Brain Systems

• Brainstem (may include Midbrain)
• Breathing, Heart rate, Blood pressure
• Sensory and Motor pathways
• Cranial nerve nuclei
• Pons, medulla, reticular formation

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Lobes of the Brain

• Temporal
• Primary auditory cortex
• Language association cortex (Wernickes area)
• Frontal
• Gross and complex motor functions
• Motor speech cortex (Brocas area)
• Parietal
• Primary sensory reception
• Complex perceptual experience
• Occipital
• Primary visual cortex
• Visual association cortex

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Somatosensory homunculus
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Key Concepts

• Know the major brain systems and their general
  functions
• Be able to identify the anatomic location of
  these systems given a brain image
• Know the meninges that cover the brain
• Know the locations and general functions of the
  lobes of the brain
• Be able to identify the anatomic location of
  major structures (e.g., Brocas area, Wernickes
  area)