APOPTOZA

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APOPTOZA
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Program stanicne smrti može se inducirati
This shows a chicken cell undergoing apoptosis
when treated with hydroxyurea. Note the dramatic
morphological changes.
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Time course showing a LLCPK cell undergoing
apoptosis when irradiated with UV light. DNA
(yellow) was stained with Hoechst 33342. Note how
rapid is the collapse of the nuclear chromatin.
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Sequence of time-lapse images of a LLCPK cell
undergoing apoptotic cell death. Induction of
apoptosis was accomplished by culturing cells in
the presence of etoposide at a final
concentration of 68 µM throughout observation.
Green staining corresponds to fluorescence
associated with Lamin AGFP chimeric protein.
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Electron micrograph of an apoptotic cell in the
mammary gland. Note the dark clumps of condensed
chromatin. An adjacent normal cell can be seen at
the right side of the picture.
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This image shows a timecourse of nuclear
apoptosis. In this experiment I incubated
isolated HeLa nuclei with a cytoplasmic extract
prepared from cells commited to apoptosis. This
extract induces apoptotic morphological changes
in the HeLa nuclei.
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Apoptoza
apoptoticnatjelešca
propidiumiodide
Apoptotic human keratinocytes that were fixed
with paraform-aldehyde and stained with
fluorescein concanavalin A. The cells were
subsequently permeabilized with acetone, stained
with propidium iodide and visualized by confocal
microscopy. This photomicrograph clearly shows
that the green-fluorescent lectin staining
outlines the apoptotic surface blebs, whereas the
red-fluorescent propidium iodide stains the
interior of the blebs.
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Fagocitoza apoptotickih tijela
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fosfatidilserin
Fagocit
Apoptoticna tijela
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Fagocitoza apoptotickih tijela
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Kontrolirannje programirane stanicne smrti u
stanicama sisavaca Nature 406, 135 - 136 (2000)
proteins of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis (IAP)
family can inhibit cell death by binding to
procaspases and activated caspases, thereby
blocking their processing and their activity
These enzymes cleave several intracellular
substrates, such as ICAD (resulting eventually in
DNA fragmentation) and other cell-death
regulators, ensuring the death of the cell.
Verhagen et al.1 and Du et al.2 have shown that
the IAP roadblock is lifted by Diablo/Smac, a
protein that binds to IAPs and prevents them from
inhibiting apoptosis. So Diablo/Smac determines
cellular sensitivity to the apoptotic signal.
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DD
FADD
TRADD
TRADD
DED
TRAF
FLICE
TRAF2
TRAF
NFkB
APOPTOZA
Next slide
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APOPTOZA
Bcl
Bax
Bax
Bcl
PREŽIVLJAVANJE
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Apoptoza temeljni regulacijski mehanizam
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Clanovi porodice Bcl