Understanding and Conceptualizing Interaction

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Interaktionsdesign Efterår 2007 Lektion 2

• Understanding and Conceptualizing Interaction
• At forstå og begribe interaktion

Sharp Kapitel 2 Anker Helms Jørgensen
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Plan for kursuset
Prototype-præsentation
Grupper dannes
Problemformulering
Poster website
Delrapport
Aflevering
Start
1 2 4
9 11 13
16
Workshop - Arduino - Etnografiske metoder
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Resume

• HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) har bevæget sig
  væk fra computerskærmen og arbejdsdomænet ud i
  det sociale og det kropslige - hvor Dourish
  kommer ind
• HCI er smeltet sammen med en række
  design-discipliner og er blevet til
  Interaktionsdesign
• Designing interactive products to support the way
  people communicate and interact in their everyday
  and working lives
• Interaction design is about creating user
  experiences that enhance and augment the way
  people work, communicate, and interact
• Usability er blevet udvidet til user experience
• usability nytte, effektivt, tilfredsstillende
  (ISO)
• user experience the overall experience and
  satisfaction a user has when using a product or
  system.
• Interaktionsdesign er multidisciplinært - vores
  fokus etnografisk
• Tanja fra bruger til menneske

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Kapiteloversigt Sharp kap. 2

• 2.1 Indledning (1s)
• 2.2 Understanding the problem space (5 s)
• 2.3 Conceptualizing the design space (33 s)
• 2.3.1 Konceptuelle modeller
• 2.3.2 Eksempler Visicalc og Xerox Star
• 2.3.3 Metaforer
• 2.3.4 Interaktionstyper Instruktion,
  konversation, manupulation, udforskning
• 2.4 Theories, models and frameworks (5 s)

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At forstå problemrummet

• Hvad ønsker du at skabe?
• Hvilke antagelser gør du dig?
• Hvilke påstande er der?
• Vil du opnå hvad du håber på? Hvis ja, hvordan?

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Antagelser og påstande

• "Explicating people's assumptions and claims
  about why they think something might be a good
  idea (or not) enables the design team as a whole
  to view multiple perspectives on the problem
  space and in doing so reveal conflicting ones"
  (50)

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At forstå problemrummet Flickr

• Hvilke antagelser gjorde udviklerne af Flickr
  sig?
• ride på blog-bølgen
• når folk deler deres liv på blogs vil de osse
  dele deres fotos
• folk vil give feedback
• Påstande
• From Flickrs website (2005)Is almost certainly
  the best online photo management and sharing
  application in the world

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Problemrummet and designrummet

• Having a good understanding of the problem space
  can help inform the design space
• e.g., what kind of interface, behavior,
  functionality to provide
• Problemrum - designrum kobling til
  klassisk akademiske aktiviteter .... ?

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Problemrummet and designrummet

• Problemrum - designrum
• analyse - syntese
• But before deciding upon these it is important to
  develop a conceptual model

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Konceptuelle modeller

• Nødvendigt først at tænker over hvordan systemet
  (!) vil fremtræde overfor brugerne - hvordan de
  vil forstå det
• En konceptuel model "A High-level description of
  how a system is organized and operates"
  (Johnson Henderson, 2002, 26)
• Ikke en beskrivelse af interfacet, men "a
  structure outlining the concepts and the
  relationships between them".

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Konceptuelle modeller

• Hovedkomponenter
• metaforer og analogier der anvendes til at
  formidle hvordan et produkt skal forstås og
  hvordan det anvendes til en aktivitet
• koncepter som exponeres til brugeren
• relationen mellem koncepterne
• afbildningerne mellem koncepterne og den user
  experience som produktet er designet til at
  støtte

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Konceptuelle modeller - nytte

• Orient themselves towards asking questions about
  how the conceptual model will be understood by
  users
• Not to become narrowly focused early on
• Establish a set of common terms they all
  understand and agree upon
• Reduce the chance of misunderstandings and
  confusion arising later on

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Eksempel VisiCalc

• Første regneark - 1979 - bygget over regnskabsbog
  (ledger)
• Forandrede microcomputeren til et business
  værktøj
• Navnet VisiCalc
• Dan Bricklin og Bob Frankston

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Eksempel Visicalc - Excel

• Analogi til regnskabsbogen
• Interaktivt
• Foretage beregninger
• Let at forstå
• Massiv udvidelse af hvad regnskabsfolk kunne

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VisiCalc - Excel

• Grundstruktur uændret i dagens regneark

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Hvorfor var det godt?

• It was simple, clear, and obvious to the users
  how to use the application and what it could do
• It is just a tool to allow others to work out
  their ideas and reduce the tedium of repeating
  the same calculations.
• Capitalized on users familiarity with ledger
  sheets
• Got the computer to perform a range of different
  calculations and recalculations in response to
  user input

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Eksempel Xerox Star

• Xerox Corp. 1970 reinvent document processing
• 1981 Star office system targeted at workers not
  interested in computing per se
• Spent several person-years at working out the
  conceptual model
• Simplified the electronic world, making it seem
  more familiar, less alien, and easier to learn

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Eksempel Xerox Star
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Eksempel Xerox Star

• WYSIWIG What You See is What You
  Get

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Metaforer (Wikipedia)

• In literary analysis, a metaphor is ... defined
  as a direct comparison between two or more
  seemingly unrelated subjects.
• In the simplest case, this takes the form The
  first subject is a second subject.
• More generally, a metaphor describes a first
  subject as being or equal to a second subject in
  some way.
• Thus, the first subject can be economically
  described because implicit and explicit
  attributes from the second subject are used to
  enhance the description of the first.

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Interface metaforer

• Designed to be similar to a physical entity but
  also has own properties, e.g. desktop metaphor,
  search engine
• Exploit users familiar knowledge, helping them
  to understand the unfamiliar
• People find it easier to learn and talk about
  what they are doing at the computer interface in
  terms familiar to them
• Makes learning new systems easier and helps users
  understand the underlying conceptual model
• Can be innovative and enable the realm of
  computers and their applications to be made more
  accessible to a greater diversity of users

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Interface metaforer

• Nævn en metafor
• Nævn en interaktionsdesign-metafor
• Eksempler fra designprojekterne F2007

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Interaktionstyper

• Instruktion
• issuing commands using keyboard and function keys
  and selecting options via menus
• Konversation
• interacting with the system as if having a
  conversation
• Manipulation
• interacting with objects in a virtual or physical
  space by manipulating them
• Udforskning (exploration)
• moving through a virtual environment or a
  physical space

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Instruktion

• Issuing commands using keyboard, function
  keys or selecting options via menus

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Konversation

• Interacting with the system as if having a
  conversation
• Ask Jeeves
• IKEAs Anna

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Manipulation

• Interacting with objects in a virtual or physical
  space by manipulating them
• Allow a user to directly manipulate objects,
  using actions that correspond at least loosely to
  the physical world (Wikipedia)
• Ben Shneiderman (1983) Direct Manipulation
• Continuous representation of objects and actions
  of interest
• Physical actions and button pressing instead of
  issuing commands with complex syntax
• Rapid reversible actions with immediate feedback
  

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Udforskning

• Moving through a virtual environment or a
  physical space
• CAVE Computer Automatic Virtual Environment

VR Media Lab Aalborg
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Resume
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Oversigt
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