Prsentation PowerPoint

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Baldors Mission Statement
is to be the best
(as determined by our customers)
marketers, designers and manufacturers of
industrial electric motors, mechanical power
transmission products, drives, and generators.
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Maska Training Belt Drive Systems

• 1- Fundamentals
• 2- V-belt Pulleys Maska characteristics
• 3- Limits of Design
• 4- Drive Optimization Tips
• 5- Synchronous Drives

• 1- Fundamentals
• 2- V-belt Pulleys Maska characteristics
• 3- Limits of Design
• 4- Drive Optimization Tips
• 5- Synchronous Drives

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1. Fundamentals Industry standards for V-belt
drives

• All standards for V-belt drives are set by two
  Organizations

• All of the Maska products meet these standards
  and some offer higher specifications i.e. like
  our QD bushings series in ductile iron.

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Maska - Interchangeability

• Maska meets MPTA standards
• Maskas QD sheaves and bushings are
  interchangeable with QD products made by all
  other manufacturer members of the MPTA.
• All fixed bore sheaves from Maska have a
  reference number stamped on parts or printed on
  boxes to match manufacturer nomenclature

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1. Fundamentals Advantages of a Belt Drive
System

• Easy and economical installation.
• No lubrication required.
• Clean low maintenance.
• Elasticity of belts helps shock load dampening.
• Quiet, smooth operation.
• Long life expectancy when well designed.
• Good mechanical efficiency.

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1. Fundamentals Important Facts about V-Belt
systems

• Ability to slip upon overload, resulting in a
  fail-safe drive.
• Generally 5 slippage.
• A belt drive system should never be lubricated as
  it depends on friction to transmit power, in
  contrast with chain or gear systems.

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1. Fundamentals Safety Factor

• The minimum safety factor should be based on
  industry standards.
• Environment and working conditions will affect
  the safety factor.

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1. Fundamentals Safety Factors
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1. Fundamentals Speed Ratio outside
diameters
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1. Fundamentals Datum diameter v.s. Pitch
diameter
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Sheaves Maska characteristics
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BUSHINGS
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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics Bushing
Features

• QD and ST ¾ in. per foot or a 1.79 degree taper
  angle
• TL 4 degrees
• A smaller angle allows for a better shaft
  grip/fit/squeeze

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics QD
bushings

• Ductile iron a unique feature to Maska QD
  bushings for all bore sizes from JA to M
• Set screw over the key for all sizes up to P.

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics QD
compared with Taper-lock and ST

• TL does not have a flange (flush mount)
• QD takes up more room because of the flange, but
  allows reverse mounting.
• ST is flanged but does not allow for reverse
  mounting.

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics Maska QD
bushings

• All of Maska QD bushings up to W come with a bolt
  hole pattern for standard and reverse mounting.
• Maska supply lock washers, grade 5 bolts and keys
  for shallow keyway bushings.

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics QD
bushings Installation features

• 2 ways to mount bushings and pulleys on shaft
  standard and reverse. This allows sheaves to be
  mounted from the most convenient side to reduce
  overhang load.

STANDARD
REVERSE
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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics QD
bushings suitable for V-belt drives

• The assembly of TL and ST bushings will resist
  heavy impacts with sprockets or 300 HTD drives
  because of their dual locking device on shaft and
  hub
• QD bushing V-Belt Drives offer the necessary
  torque resistance when properly designed and are
  a preferred option because of their lower cost
  and easy installation removal.

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Taper-Lock Split taper v.s. QD

• QD and TL both have full split
• ST Double split in Taper only (partial split)
• Therefore, the full split allows for a better
  shaft grip or fit (360º contact)

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Sheaves
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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics Sheaves
material comparison

• Cast Iron machined with precision and tight
  tolerances, resulting in improved efficiency and
  a long life expectancy
• Plastic tolerances are close, but offers poor
  resistance to wear heat and is static
  generating
• Die Cast variable tolerances depending on
  manufacturers. Low wear resistance and some
  manufacturers leave the burr made by the
  parting line in the groove reducing belt life
• Pressed Steel poor tolerances, high wobbling
  and can only transmit low H.P.

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics Sheaves
HP capacity

• Cast iron (wider range of H.P.)
  3L-4L-5L-A-AX-B-BX-C-D-3V-5V-8V
• Plastic 3L-4L-A (low H.P. rating)
• Die Cast 4L and 5L (low H.P. rating)
• Pressed steel 4L-5L-A-B (low H.P. rating)

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics Sheaves
constructions

• 3 different designs block (B), webbed (W) and
  arm (A) depending on pulley sizes.

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Maska MA MB characteristics

• Bore tolerances designed for quick installation
  and good concentricity
• Appropriate groove angles per size for a longer
  belt life
• Vinyl primer or powder coating paint for a good
  corrosion resistance
• Good quality at a competitive price, as per Maska
  philosophy

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MA MB Secure Mounting

• Secure mounting onto shaft with 2 set screws one
  over the keyway holding the key and one at 90
  degrees to maintain the pulley in place on the
  shaft.
• Set screws have a knurled cup point that ensures
  an efficient grip compared to standard round or
  cup point.
• Recommended torque chart in the catalog

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MFAL Characteristics

• Recommended F.H.P. (Fractional-Horse-Power)
  applications
• Lighter than the MA series ensures a lower energy
  consumption at a lower cost for F.H.P.
  applications
• A lighter hub made with a hump for the set screw
• Smaller arms
• Thinner groove walls

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MFAL Characteristics

• This family was designed for the HVAC market and
  to be used with MVL.
• Combined with the adjustable sheave MVL, there is
  no need for as many different diameters, as with
  the other sheaves families to cover the same
  speed ratios.

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MFAL Characteristics

• The MFAL series has the same characteristics than
  the Fixed Bore series MA, but with some
  differences
• One set-screw over keyway
• Lighter design (F.H.P)
• Special Groove (should not be used with 3L nor
  AX belt) also for a lighter design.
• Smaller range of pulley diameters

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Maska - Adjustable Pitch Sheaves
Maska offers 4 types of adjustable pulleys

• MVL light duty (HVAC) single groove diameters
  1.6 to 4.7 inches and suitable up to 5 H.P.
• 8000 series single and double groove medium
  duty diameters ranging from 2.3 to 7.3 inches and
  suitable up to 25 H.P
• VP series single and double groove medium duty
  diameters ranging from 1.6 to 7.4 inches and
  suitable up to 25 H.P.
• MVS 2 grooves heavy duty up to 40 H.P.
  diameters 3.4 to 9.0 inches

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Maska - Adjustable pitch sheaves

• All of Maska adjustable pulleys are made of cast
  iron offering the best quality.
• Close tolerances of the threads on hubs are
  controlled for run-out
• In double groove series, when flanges are backed
  off an equal number of turns, the gap is
  identical on both sides making both belts pull
  equally.

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2. V-belt pulleys Maska characteristics8000
VP series

• The VP series is equivalent to 8000 series. The
  8000 series generally offers a wider range of
  speed.
• Designed for A (4L), B (5L) and 5V belts.
• Offers half turn adjustment up to 6 turns.
• All made of gray cast iron

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristicsVariable
pulley adjustment

• Should be selected from the mid pitch diameter.
• Two groove pulleys are machined precisely to have
  the same pitch on both sides.

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V-Belt construction
MASKA BLUEFLEX V-BELT
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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics Classical
V-belt

• Used for heavy-duty and also light duty (Belts A
  B).
• Large selection of cross-sections available.
• Coupled with other identical cross-sections,
  these belts can transmit up to hundreds of hp
  units.

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics Narrow
V-belt

• Recommended for drive systems that require
  compact design, with higher speed and increased
  horsepower.
• Drive system can be designed with shorter centers
  and smaller sheaves. Overall drive dimensions
  can be reduced by as much as 40.
• 3V covers AB, 5V covers BC and 8V covers DE
  cross-sections.

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics Cogged
V-belt

• Belt flexibility increased and a larger surface
  contact for heat dissipation.
• Better torque capacity even in high-speed
  operations.
• Less slippage.

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2. Sheaves Maska characteristics Banded
V-belt

• Recommended for applications with
  vertically-mounted shafts or extended
  center-to-center distances.
• Assures lateral rigidity and guides the belts
  into the pulley walls in a straight line.
• Designed for heavy-duty drives where shock
  loading is a problem and where multiple matched
  single belts tend to roll over or jump off the
  groove.

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3. Limits of design What limits?
STOP
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3. Limits of design SPEED LIMITATIONS

• V-Belt drives are not recommended to run above
  9,000 ft/min or below 1,500 ft/min

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3. Limits of design Maximum minimum center
distance

• Minimum diameter of the largest sheave.
• Maximum 3 times the sum of both sheaves or 5
  times the largest sheave.

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3. Limits of design Maximum ratio

• 16 is known to be the maximum recommended ratio
  for a V-belt drive.
• Higher ratios like 17 can be obtained with
  cogged and small section belts (3VX).

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3. Limits of design Normal belt sheave life

• 5,000 to 7,000 hours for belts
• 25,000 hours for sheaves
• Belts are generally replaced 4 times before
  replacing sheaves (generally driven pulleys)

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4. Drive optimization tips Designing new
drives
Criteria to optimize

• Design horsepower / Safety factor
• Center distance long and short center distance
  must be avoided.
• Reducing Costs
• Select reasonable parameters for a V-belt drive
  (ratio, speeds and HP)
• Section belt selections

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4. Drive optimization tips Efficient speed
for a V-belt drive

• OPERATION SPEEDS FOR V-BELT DRIVES

• Ideal speed 4500 ft/min
• Normal range 1500 6500 ft/min

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4. Drive optimization tips Reducing hub loads

• Nema standards for minimum pulley diameter
• Optimized safety factor (Bearings are not
  overcharged)
• Standard mounting assembly
• Proper belt tension
• Select the next size pulley that will cut off one
  groove. Make a compromise with price.

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4. Drive optimization tips Arc of contact

• For efficient operations, the minimum belt wrap,
  or arc of contact, of the smallest pulley should
  be 120 degrees.
• The maximum arc of contact that can be obtained
  is 180 degrees. For larger ratios, an idler
  pulley may be necessary.

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4. Drive optimization tips Service factor
for speed-up

• Increases by 20 the service factor
• Slippage and higher torque demands on starting
  operations. Smaller pulley is on the load side.

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4. Drive optimization tips RMA minimum
recommended diameter
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4. Drive optimization tips Installation
Procedures

• Clean all surfaces (grooves, taper hub, shafts,
  etc.)
• Verify alignment
• Proper Belt tension
• Check tension after 48 hours

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4. Drive optimization tips Belt tensioning
 
 

• Too much tension can cause excessive wear on
  belts bearings.
• Too little tension allows slippage, loss of power
  additional wear.

 

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4. Drive Optimization Tips Checking Sheave
Grooves for wear

• Worn grooves cause one or more belts to ride
  lower than the others, resulting in premature
  wear of belts reduced performance levels (see
  Figure below)
• If wear is premature, could be caused by
  misalignment.
• Signs of wear
• One or more belts are slack while others are
  tight?
• Bottom of the groove is shiny?
• Belts wear out quickly?

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4. Drive Optimization Tips Checking Sheave
Grooves for wear

• How to check for wear quickly?
• Maska sheave belt gage is an inexpensive tool
  that can be inserted in the groove until the rim
  touches the flange. If more than 1/32" wear,
  replace the sheave (see Figure below).
• The cost of replacing the part is soon offset by
  the number of belts that will be quickly ruined
  by rounded sidewalls.
• Resulting belt problems touching bottom and
  slipping, reduced wedging action less gripping
  power.

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4. Drive optimization tips Special
Environments

• Maska blueflex belts have ORS construction
• Heat resistance
• Oil Resistance
• Static conducting
• For hazardous environments, additional protection
  is recommended such as grounding the entire
  system to ensure against accidental static spark
  discharges
• Cogged belts at higher temperature or linked
  belts between 140 180 for smaller drives.

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SYNCHRONOUS BELT DRIVES
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5.1 What is a Synchronous Drive?

• Used when indexing, positioning or a constant
  speed ratio is required.
• Drive that runs without slippage (positive drive)
• THREE CATEGORIES OF SYNCHRONOUS DRIVES

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5.2 Advantages of a Synchronous Belt
Drive

• No lubrication required
• Clean low maintenance
• Low-stretch tensile cord nearly eliminating the
  need for re-tensioning
• Eliminate noise problems of chain drives
• Long life expectancy when well designed
• Smooth engagement of belt with pulley allows high
  speeds
• Less weight compared to chain and gear drives for
  same horsepower requirements
• Can operate in wet environments

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5.3 Synchronous belt drive applications
AUTOMATIC MACHINERY
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5.4 Synchronous Belt Drive Applications

• FOOD PROCESSING
• Bottling machines, pumps, bucket elevators, belt
  conveyors, mixers, mills, meat grinders

• PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
• Air coolers, dryers, compressors, pumps

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5.5 Synchronous belts
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5.5.1 Timing Belt v.s. H.T.B.

• Optimizing tooth profile - H.T.B. design

• Better load transfer to tensile members

• Closer tooth spacing for more power transmitted

• Minimize strains in corner and bond surface

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5.5.3 Belt size designation

• Standard/Trapezoidal Synchronous Belt

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5.5.5 Belt size designation

• MASKA BLUE FLEX DESIGNATION

TB TIMING BELT
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5.5.6 Belt size designation

• H.T.B. / Curvilinear Synchronous Belt

560 (mm) ------ 8M ------ 30 (mm) Pitch
length Tooth pitch Belt Width
2800 (mm) ------ 14M ------ 55 (mm) Pitch
length Tooth pitch Belt Width
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5.5.7 Belt size designation

• MASKA BLUE FLEX DESIGNATION

HTB HIGH TORQUE BELT
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5.5.8 Synchronous belts manufacturers
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5.6 Synchronous belt pulleys
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5.7 Synchronous Belt Pulleys

• Sheaves come in several forms, being either block
  (B), webbed (W) or arm design (A), depending on
  the outside diameter.

Arm
Webbed
Block
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Selection of Flanged Pulleys

• On synchronous drives, the minimum flanging
  requirement are two flanges on the smaller pulley
  or one flange on each pulley at the opposite
  side.
• When the center distance is more than 8 times the
  diameter of the small pulley, both pulleys should
  be flanged.
• On every vertical shaft drive, one pulley should
  be flanged on both sides and the other pulley
  should be flanged on the bottom side.
• For multiple drive applications, any other
  additional pulley than the two existing should
  have two flanges or at least one flange on the
  opposite side.

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Timing Pulley - Part designation
P16H150-1108 P PULLEY
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H.T.D. Sprockets - Part designation
P24-8M-30-JA P PULLEY
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5.8 Synchronous Drive (Pulleys)

• The smaller pulley must have at least six teeth
  in mesh with the belt to respect standard HP
  rating.
• The belt width should not exceed the pulley
  diameter.
• 6500 feet per minute max. rim speed.

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