Goals and Objectives

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Goals and Objectives

• Sarah A. McCarty MD
• February 29, 2008

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Gary Larson Far Side
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Objectives

• Differentiate between goals and learning
  objectives
• Describe characteristics of well written
  objectives
• Write objectives that can be linked to outcome
  measures
• Integrate Blooms taxonomy into objectives
• Discuss phases in teaching in which goals and
  objectives are useful

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Goal

• General statement of ultimate outcome
• Global or Broad statement
• Involves multiple learning objectives
• May not be directly measurable more implied
  measurement

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Examples of Goals

• The goal of the medical school curriculum is to
  enable students to deliver quality medical care
  in a supervised environment
• The goal of the Introduction to Physical Exam
  course is to enable students to obtain a medical
  history and perform a physical examination
• The goal of the ear exam lecture is to enable
  students to perform a normal ear exam

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Objectives

• What it takes to get to the goal

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Learning Objectives

• Clear, Concise, Specific Statement
• Observable student behaviors
• Measurable so it can be evaluated
• Contribute to the goal
• Also known as performance objectives or
  competencies

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Objectives

• Learner centered
• Behavioral terms/ action verbs
• One statement-one objective
• Realistic for time allotted
• Learner appropriate

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Examples of Learning Objectives

• At the end of this lecture the first year student
  will be able to
• 1. Identify the normal landmarks of the tympanic
  membrane
• 2. Demonstrate the proper way to hold an otoscope
• 3. Position the patients head properly when
  observing the tympanic membrane

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What does it take to get to the Goal?
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Blooms Taxonomy

• Cognitive-Knowledge
• Affective-Attitudes
• Psychomotor-Skills

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Cognitive

• Factual knowledge-recall and memorize
• Comprehension-translate from one form to another
• Application-apply or use information in a new
  situation
• Analysis-examine a concept and break it down into
  parts
• Synthesis-put info together in a unique way
• Evaluation-make judgments using standards of
  appraisal

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http//www.odu.edu/edu/llschult/blooms_taxonomy.ht
m
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Anderson and Krathwohl 2001
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Affective

• Attitudes
• Beliefs
• Emotions
• Expectations
• Relationships

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Psychomotor

• Using and coordinating
• Skeletal muscles
• Vision
• Hearing
• Speech
• Touch

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Psychomotor

• Precontrol
• Control
• Utilization
• Automation

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Writing Learning Objectives

• Three characteristics of objectives
• Behavior-Describe the competency to be learned in
  performance terms Choose your verb wisely
• Conditions-Conditions under which the learner
  will be expected to perform
• Criterion-how well a student must be able to
  perform to be judged adequate

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Choosing Your Verb

• Should reflect the domain
• In cognitive domain should reflect level of
  learning expected
• Should be clearly measurable
• Do not use learn, understand etc
• Drives your evaluation tool/outcome measure

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Learning Objectives Format

• Stem
• List of learning objectives starting with a verb
  and finishing with content
• Conditions
• How well

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Example

• At the end of this lecture the first year student
  will be able to
• 1. Identify the normal landmarks of the tympanic
  membrane when shown a picture of the tympanic
  membrane
• 2. Demonstrate the proper way to hold an otoscope
• 3. Position the patients head properly when
  observing the tympanic membrane

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When to use goals and objectives

• Planning
• Implementing
• Evaluation

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Planning

• Time
• Place
• Learners
• Resources

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Implementing

• Instructional objectives
• In small groups the proper way to hold the
  otoscope will be demonstrated
• In lecture the students will be shown a picture
  of the TM and landmarks will be reviewed
• In small groups students under supervision and
  using the UK checklist will practice the ear
  exam on standardized patients

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Evaluation

• Outcome measures
• Based on the verb used and the expected level of
  learning
• Clearly linked to learning objectives

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Evaluation

• The student will be given a picture of a tympanic
  membrane and asked to identify the landmarks
• In an OSCE exam the student will be asked to
  examine the ear and checklist item will include
  tilting head to opposite side

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Communicate Your Goals and Objectives
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