Establishing Goals Planning

1
Establishing GoalsPlanning

• Defining an organizations objectives
• and goals.
• Establish the overall strategy for
• achieving those goals.
• Developing a comprehensive
• hierarchy of plans to integrate and
• coordinate activities.

2
Productivity

• Output per labor hour, best expressed by the
  formula
• Productivity Outputs/Labor Capital
• Materials
• Productivity can be applied to the individual,
  the group, and the total organization.

3
Breadth of Planning

• Strategic Planning
• Covers the entire planning.
• Includes the establishment of overall
• goals.
• Positions the organizations products and
• services against the competition.

4
Breadth of Planning

• Tactical Planning
• Organizational planning that provides specific
  details on how overall goals are to be achieved.

5
Planning Time Frames

• Short-term Plans
• One year or less
• Intermediate-term Plans
• One to five years
• Long-term Plans
• Five years or more

6
Hierarchy of Objectives

• Effective planning requires integration and
  coordination of objectives in a way that links
  them together so that the higher level objective
  is supported by one or more lower level
  objectives.

7
Types of Plans

• Standing-use Plans
• Plans that can be used over and over again by
  managers faced with recurring activities.
• Policies - Procedures - Rules

8
Types of Plans

• Single-use Plans
• Detailed courses of action used once or only
  occasionally to deal with problems that dont
  occur repeatedly.
• Programs - Budgets Schedules

9
Types of Scheduling

• PERT Chart
• A diagram that depicts the sequence of activities
  needed to complete a project and the time or
  costs associated with each activity.
• Gantt Chart
• A bar chart with time on the horizontal axis and
  activities to be scheduled on the vertical axis.
  The chart shows when tasks are supposed to be
  done and compares actual progress on each task.

10
Management by Objective

• A system by which employees jointly determine
  specific performance objectives with their
  supervisors, progress toward objectives is
  periodically reviewed, and rewards are allocated
  on the basis of this progress.

11
Management by ObjectiveKey Components

• Goal specificity
• Participation
• Time limits
• Performance feedback