Nutrients: Functioning Body Systems

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Nutrients Functioning Body Systems
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Body Maintenance

• Nutrients are required for the body to function
• Maintenance needs are met first
• Body tissue repair
• Control body temperature
• Keep vital organs functioning
• Water balance maintenance
• No weight gain or weight loss
• ½ of feed provided to livestock is for
  maintenance
• Animals on full feed 30 40
• Breeding animals 90
• Nutrient needs depend on body size

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Growth

• Protein synthesis is greater than protein
  degradation
• Building of bone, muscle, connective tissue
• Requires energy, protein, minerals, vitamins
• Protein builds muscle
• Cattle typically do not require specific
  proteins
• Swine require specific amino acids
• Minerals
• CaP for proper bone growth
• Problematic minerals
• I, Se

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Growth

• Protein synthesis is greater than protein
  degradation
• Building of bone, muscle, connective tissue
• Requires energy, protein, minerals, vitamins
• Vitamins
• Vit D bone growth
• Vit A may need to be supplemented as it can be
  lost easily
• Energy promote growth, metabolic activity
• Usually enough energy is provided in grain
  sources
• Water

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Water Intake

• Species Water (gal/day)
• Beef Cattle 7 20
• Dairy Cattle 10 29
• Horses 8 12
• Sheep Goats 1 4
• Swine 3 5
• Turkeys .10 - .15
• Chickens .05 - .10

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Finishing

• Finishing (fattening)- store excess feed (energy)
  as adipose tissue
• Provides.
• FLAVOR!
• Reserves for lactation
• The cost of finishing is greater than the cost of
  growth
• Animal needs 2.25 times more energy to produce
  one pound of fat vs. one pound of tissue
• Caused by the animal consuming excess energy than
  needed to maintain metabolic maintenance or
  growth
• Animals are on a full feed energy ration

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Reproduction

• Maintain a healthy nutritional status to
• Allow for gamete growth
• Allow for fetal growth
• Typically, no feed needs to be given in excess of
  maintenance for gamete growth
• Fetal development requires more nutritional
  energy and content
• Especially the last half to the last third of
  gestation

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Lactation

• Most females in production operations are
  expected to produce nutrients for their young
• Requires protein, energy, minerals, vitamins
• During peak production, nutrient intake is
  greater or in excess of nutrients needed for milk
  production
• High protein is required for high protein milk
• Ca and P are extremely important
• Insufficient amounts can caused decreased milk
  production or even death
• Milk Fever low calcium

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Lactation

• For beef cows insufficient energy may cause the
  cow to not breed back the following year
• Energy requirements depend on how much milk the
  cow is producing
• Concentrates need to be made available
• High producing cows may need 3-4 times more
  energy than a dry cow

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Wool Production

• Additional energy needed
• Additional protein
• Wool fibers are primarily composed of protein
• After shearing, a producer may increase energy
• Maintain homeostasis

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Draft Power

• Require a lot of energy needed to maintain
  maintenance
• Perspiration removes waste products
• General Rule
• 5 days of work, 2 days off
• Reduces risk of kidney diseases

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• Chapter 17 Nutrients for Body Functions
• What are the major objectives and nutrients
  required for the following production types?
• Maintenance
• Growth
• Finishing
• Reproduction
• Lactation
• Wool
• Work