The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases

1
Chapter 14

• The Phrase Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive
  Phrases

2
What is a Phrase?

• A phrase is a group of related words that do not
  have a verb and its subject.
• (Clause has a verb and its subject)

3
Prepositional Phrase

• Includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun (the
  object of the prep.), and any modifiers.
• Can be an adjective phrase or an adverb phrase

4
The Adjective Phrase

• A prepositional phrase that is used to describe a
  person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
• Tells what kind or
• which one
• Located after the noun/pronoun it modifies

5
Adverb phrase

• A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an
  adjective, or an adverb.
• Tells how, when, where, why, or to what extent
  (how long, how many, how much, or how far)

6
Classwork

• p. 417-420, Exercise 1, 2, 3
• Work quietly with a partner
• Turn in to the wire basket when complete.

7
Verbals and verbal phrases

• A verbal is a word that is formed from a verb but
  is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
• 3 kinds participle, gerund, infinitive

8
The Participle

• A participle is a verb form that can be used as
  an adjective.
• Present participle ends in ing
• The smiling child waved.
• Past participle ends in d or ed
• The police searched the abandoned building.
• Unless it is irregularly formed.

9
The Participial Phrase

• Consists of a participle and any modifiers or
  complements it has.
• THE ENTIRE PHRASE IS USED AS AN ADJECTIVE!
• Example After a while, we heard the duck
  quacking noisily at its own image.

10
Any questions?

• In pairs
• Textbook p 422, Ex 4 5
• Turn in on top shelf before the end of class
• Workbook pgs 94 95

11
The Gerund

• A gerund is a verb form ending in ing that is
  used as a NOUN.
• Skiing down the slope was fun.

12
The Gerund Phrase

• A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any
  modifiers or complements the gerund has.
• THE ENTIRE PHRASE IS USED AS A NOUN.
• ie The townspeople heard the loud clanging of the
  fire bell.

13
Nouns function in a sentence as

• Subject
• Who or what the sentence is about
• Object of a Preposition
• In a prepositional phrase
• Direct Object
• Follows action verbs-Who? What? receives the
  action
• Indirect Object
• Follows action verbs-To Whom? For Whom? The
  action was done
• Predicate Nominative
• Follows linking verbs-renames or identifies the
  subject

14
Any questions?

• Complete in class
• Textbook p.426 Ex 7, 8
• Workbook 98-99

15
The Infinitive

• An infinitive is a verbal that can be used as a
  noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
• Infinitives begin with to ( verb)
• to dance, to sing, to talk
• ExTo install the ceiling fan took two hours.
  (subject)

16
Dont be confused!

• A prepositional phrase that begins with to will
  have an object that is a noun.
• An infinitive is a VERB form!

17
The Infinitive Phrase

• Includes the infinitive and any modifiers or
  complements the infinitive has.
• The entire phrase may be used as a noun, an
  adjective, or an adverb.

18
Example

• The crowd grew quiet to hear the speaker.
• What is the infinitive phrase?
• to hear the speaker
• What is it modifying?
• grew
• What part of speech is it in this sentence?
• Adverb

19
Any questions?

• Textbook p 429-430, Ex. 10, 11
• Due before class is overturn in on top shelf
• Workbook p.103-104

20
Appositives

• An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed beside
  another noun or pronoun to identify or describe
  it.

21
Example

• The actor Bruce Willis was on TV last night.
• Bruce Willis, the actor, is starring in a new
  movie titled The Hostage.
• Commas are generally used with appositives that
  refer to proper nouns.

22
Appositive phrase

• Consists of an appositive and its modifiers.
• Ex Officer Webb, one of the security guards,
  caught the burglar.

23
Important!

• If the appositive is essential to the meaning, it
  is NOT set off by commas.

24
Any questions?

• Complete textbook page 433, Ex 13, Rev D
• Workbook pgs 108-110
• 20 minutes!

25
P 433, exercise 13

• 6. one of my heroes- Barbara Jordan
• 7. Bianca- friend
• 8. a pile of trash containing broken bottles-
  hazard
• 9. fifty cents- change
• 10. Ive Been Working on the Railroad- song

• 1. one of the most popular Mexican dishes- Tacos
• 2. Daniel- twin
• 3. a truck driver and a sailor- men
• 4. tuna salad on rye bread- sandwich
• 5. American history- class