THE PHRASE PHASE

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THE PHRASE PHASE 10th grade English Mrs.
Ellis
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This weeks topicphrases!

• Prepositional phrases
• Verbal phrases
• Appositives

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• What is a phrase?
• A phrase is a group of related
• words that lacks either a
• subject or a verb or both.
• amazing triumphs of technology (lacks a verb)
• can be found (lacks a subject)
• in ancient civilizations (lacks a subject and
  verb )
• Amazing triumphs of technology can be found in
• ancient civilizations.

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• Prepositional phrases
• Consist of a preposition and an object
• Function as an adjective or adverb
• Used to show relationship
• Can be added or deleted without affecting the
• meaning or structure of the sentence

Life on a raft was an opportunity for
adventure. adj. adj. Huck Finn rode the raft
down the river by choice. adv.
adv. With his companion, Jim, Huck met many
types of people. adv. adj.
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Test your skill!!Adjective or Adverb phrase?

• The girl with green eyes is my sister.

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ANSWER

• ADJECTIVE

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Test your skill!!Adjective or Adverb phrase?

• The car raced down the street.

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ANSWER

• ADVERB

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• Verbals
• A verbal is a word that is derived from a verb,
  has the power of a
• verb, but acts as another part of speech.
• Like a verb, a verbal may
• take an object, a modifier (adj/adv), and
  sometimes a subject however, unlike a verb, a
  verbal functions as a noun, an adjective, or an
  adverb.
• Also, a verbal cannot serve as a verb.

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Three types of verbals

• Infinitive
• Gerund
• Participial

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• Infinitives
• An infinitive is a verb form
• that is usually introduced by
• the word to.
• An infinitive may be used as a
• noun, adjective, or adverb.

To be or not to be, that is the question.
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EXAMPLES

• To succeed is not easy. (noun subject)
• Students are wise to work hard. (adverb)
• The quiet environment of the library encourages
  the desire to study. (adjective)

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Preposition or Infinitive?

• Be sure not to confuse an infinitive--a verbal
  consisting of to plus a verb--with a
  prepositional phrase beginning with to, which
  consists of to plus a noun or pronoun and any
  modifiers.

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Test your skill!!Preposition or Infinitive
phrase?

• to fly, to draw, to become, to enter, to stand,
  to catch, to belong

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ANSWER

• INFINITIVE

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Test your skill!!Preposition or Infinitive
phrase?

to him, to the committee, to my house, to the
mountains, to us, to this address
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ANSWER

• Prepositions

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Punctuating the Infinitive

• If the infinitive is used as an
• adverb and is the beginning phrase
• in a sentence, it should be set off with a
  comma otherwise, no punctuation is needed for an
  infinitive phrase.
• To buy a basket of flowers, John had to spend his
  last dollar.
• To improve your writing, you must consider your
  purpose and audience.

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

• 1.An infinitive is a verbal consisting
• of the word to plus a verb it may be
• used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
• 2. An infinitive phrase consists of an
• infinitive plus modifier(s), object(s),
  complement(s), and/or actor(s).
• 3. An infinitive phrase requires a comma
• only if it is used as an adverb at the
• beginning of a sentence.

To be or not to be, that is the question.
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Gerunds A gerund is NOT
a gerbil!
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A gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and is
used as a noun.

• Therefore, a gerund will occupy some positions
  in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for
  example subject, direct object, subject
  complement, and object of preposition.

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Gerund Examples

• Getting up each morning is the first challenge.
  (subject)
• Start moving around seven oclock. (direct
  object)
• I work at jump-starting my weary system. (object
  of prep)
• Like Woody Allen once said, Eighty percent of
  life is
• showing up. (predicate noun)

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Points to Remember!

• 1. A gerund is a verbal ending
• in -ing that is used as a noun.
• 2. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus
  modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s).
• 3. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never
  require punctuation.

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Participles

• A Participle is not a
• Partysicle

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• Participles
• A participle is a verbal
• ending in ing or ed.
• A participle functions
• as an adjective.
• Examples
• The students listening to this lecture are
  definitely
• interested.
• The prospects of aced tests and improved
• assignments must be appealing.

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WARNING Your participle is
dangling! A dangling participle (or modifier)
does not sensibly modify anything in its
sentence.
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Test your skill!!Correct or Incorrect?

• Walking down the crowded street, the traffic
  light turned red.

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ANSWER

• INCORRECT!
• Correct
• Walking down the crowded street,
• I noticed the traffic light turning red.

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

• A participle is a verbal ending in -ing (present)
  or -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n (past) that functions
  as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun.
• 2. A participial phrase consists of a participle
  plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or
  complement(s).

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

• 3. Participles and participial phrases must be
  placed as close to the nouns or pronouns they
  modify as possible, and those nouns or pronouns
  must be clearly stated.
• 4. A participial phrase is set off with commas
  when it a) comes at the beginning of a sentence,
  b) interrupts a sentence as a nonessential
  element, or c) comes at the end of a sentence and
  is separated from the word it modifies.

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Other phrases APPOSITIVES
Appositive does not mean I am
certain!
Do you know the answer?
Ugh yea. Im appositive!
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• Appositive phrases
• An appositive is usually a noun that renames
  another noun it also adds new information about
  the noun it follows.
• An appositive phrase also includes modifiers.
• Appositives and appositive phrases sometimes
  begin with
• that is, such as, for example, or
• in other words.

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• Appositive phrases Examples
• Examples
• Mrs. Jones, my English teacher, is
• a bibliophile.
• Books, for example Ulysses and
• Paradise Lost, inspire her.

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EXAMPLES
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POINTS to REMEMBER!

• An Appositive can be essential or non-essential.
  Commas are used to set off non-essential
  appositives.
• EX

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Enough about phrases! HOMEWORK You guessed
it 1. Study for your test 2. Check the wiki
I will upload a list of funny misplaced
modifiers and this PowerPoint!