Phrase or Clause?

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Quick check
Phrase or Clause?
through the ominous woods
Answer phrase
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Phrase or Clause?
When I said yes
Answer clause
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Phrase or Clause?
Since I was not alone
Answer clause
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Phrase or Clause?
Reading the hidden messages in the cool nigh air
Answer phrase
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Verbal (3)
Prepositional (2)
The Phrase Well Start with 3 Overall
Kinds
You hear and use them all the time now lets
recognize them!
Appositive
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Definition of a Phrase A group of words that
does NOT have a subject and a verb, and acts as 1
part of speech.
In other words. NOT a complete sentence, but
part of a sentence!
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The Prepositional Phrase!
There are 2 kinds of these!
You know this one already!
Petey the Preposition Mouse!
You know your prepositions so this should be
easy!!!

• The Prepositional Phrase Consists of These
  Things
• A Preposition
• An object (N or Prn)
• Any modifiers of that object

Remember your song!
Dont forget the Preposition Box!
Anywhere a mouse can go!
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Hint find the preposition and go until you see
the first noun and stop.thats your
Prepositional Phrase!
For Example
1. He was riding (on his skateboard). 2. I am a
huge fan (of Twilight). 3. My dad enjoys hunting
(in the woods).
Find the Prep. Phrases in the following sentences
along with the object of the preposition.
Find the Prep. Phrase in the following sentences.

1. We were eating chicken wings at BW3s.
2. I watched ESPN on television last night.
3. He rode his dirt bike through the mud.

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There Are 2 Types of Prepositional Phrases.
Example Sarah is the one (with the pink dress).
Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase
The phrase is describing which one, (a Noun)
Lets start with the Adjective Phrasewhat is it?
You know what an adjective is right?
Yes, it describes a noun or pronoun!
Sothe definition of an Adj. Phrase is a prep.
phrase that describes a N or Prn.
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Nowthe Adverb Phrase (Another Prepositional
Phrase)
Dont hide! Its just as easy since you know
what an adverb is right?
An Adverb describes V, Adj., Adv.
Sothe definition of an Adverb Phrase is A
Prepositional Phrase that describes a Verb,
Adjective, or Adverb!
Example We must finish our project (before the
holidays).
before the holidays is describing when to
finish (a verb) so it has to be an adverb phrase.
And before is a preposition this is a type
of prep. phrase!
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The End for Day 1!!!
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Be Creative!!!
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Take 2!!!
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VERBAL PHRASES There are 3 kinds
Ok, but what does Verbal mean?

1. Gerund Phrase
2. Infinitive Phrase
3. Participial Phrase

Verbal a word that is formed from a Verb, but
is used as a N, Adj., or Adv.
Example Smiling child
Smiling is formed from the verb smile, but is
acting as an Adj. describing child.
Im not a verb!
SoA verbal Phrase has a form of a verb that
acts as another POS
Its like a verb in disguise!
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GERUND PHRASE
Waitwhats a gerund?
A gerund is a verb form ending in ing that
is used as a noun!
For example (Skiing down that slope) was fun.
So, a Gerund Phrase has - a gerund -a
modifier - the
entire phrase is used as a noun
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Example (Listening to Scream-O music at high
volume) may cause you to lose your hearing later
in life!
Listening to Scream-O music at high volume (the
gerund phrase) is acting as the Noun in this
sentence
As you can see, Listening to Scream-O music at
high volume is the gerund phrase. Listening
being the gerund.
Ask yourselfWhat may cause you to lose your
hearing later in life? The answer is the Noun,
which is the gerund phrase!
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Ok, do gerund phrases always have to come at the
beginning of the sentence?
What do you think?
NO is correct!!!
A gerund phrase can come at the beginning or the
end of a sentence. Look!
EXAMPLE Texting at school can get you in trouble.
Q What is the gerund phrase?

A Texting at school(at the beginning of the
sentence.)

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Examples Continued
Our favorite thing to do this weekend will be
playing video games on Xbox.
Q What is the gerund phrase?
A Playing video games on Xbox(at the end of the
sentence.)
Playing video games on Xbox is acting as 1 Noun
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INFINITIVE PHRASE A verb form that can be used
as a Noun, an Adj., or an Adv. Most infinitives
begin with to.
Example The crowd grew quiet to hear the movie
Stepbrothers
What word is the infinitive phrase describing?
grew
Making the infinitive phrase act as what part of
speech?
An Adverb!
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Lets Try Some
To!
Tell me the infinitive phrase in each sentence.

Tell me if it is used as an N,
Adj, or Adv.
1. Hearing Beyonces new song is one way to
change your mood.
Inf. Phrase to change your mood
POS Adjective, describing way
2. We used the new DVD player to watch
Stepbrothers.
Inf. Phrase to watch Stepbrothers
POS Adverb, describing used
3. I learned to laugh and make jokes from Will
Ferrell.
POS Noun, because to laugh and make jokes is
the DO of the verb learned, making that object a
Noun.
Inf. Phrase to laugh and make jokes
RememberInfinitive starts with to!!!
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The Participial Phrase
Isnt that some kind of a mammal?
What the heck does participial mean?
Participial is derived from participle and a
participle is a verb form that can be used as an
adjective.
Here are some examples
No! Thats a marsupial!!!
Present participles end in ing
The smiling child waved.
Smiling, a form of the verb smile, is describing
the noun child, making it (smiling) an adjective.
Examples Continued on next page
Def Verb acting as an Adj.
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Participle Examples Continued
Most past participles end in d or ed.
Some are irregularly formed.
Examples
1. The police officers searched the abandoned
warehouse.
Abandoned is a form of the verb abandon and
modifies/describes warehouse so it is an
adjective.
2. This plate, bought at a flea market, is a
valuable antique.
Bought, a form of the verb buy, describes the
noun plate, so bought is an adjective here.
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Ok, so those are participles, but what is a
participial phrase?
Well, a phrase is a group of words, so a
Participial Phrase must consist of a participle
and anything describing it!
Lets Practice Tell the participial phrase and
the word/s it modifies.
1. Noted for its convenience, FaceBook is used by
millions of people.
Part. Phrase
Noted for its convenience
Word it Modifies
FaceBook
2. IPhones are wonderful inventions used by
people everywhere.
Part. Phrase
used by people everywhere
Word it Modifies
IPhones
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QWhat is a gerund phrase?
A Group of words that has a verb form ending in
ing in it w/ other modifiers acts as a noun.
Let's Review
Q What is an infinitive phrase?
A. Group of words that has a verb form that can
act as another part of speech usually starts
with to.
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Q What is an participial phrase?
A A group of words that has a participle and any
other modifiers the whole phrase acts as an
adjective.
Reivew Cont.'d
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Last Practice Before Youre a Pro!!!
Identify the phrase in each sentence and then
tell what type it is.
1. Some people like listening to hip hop music.
Phrase
Listening to hip hop music
Type
Gerund
2. American Idol, playing on the TV, looked like
a good episode.
Phrase
playing on the TV
Type
Participial
Because playing on the TV describes American
Idol, making the verb form playing an adjective.
Why?
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Continued Practice
3. Some believe that Ferdinand Magellan was taken
away by zombies.
Phrase
by zombies
Type
Prepositional Phrase Adverb Phrase, describing
how he was taken
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Last One!!!!!
4. In the United States, citizens have the right
to speak their minds.
Phrase
to speak their minds
Type
Infinitive Phrase
Why?
It starts with to and it describes right,
making the verb form speak an adjective.
Phrase 2
In the United States
Type?
Prepositional Phrase
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The End for Day 2!!!
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Be Creative!!!
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Take 3!!!
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The Appositive Phrase
Definition of AppositiveA Noun or Pronoun placed
beside another Noun or Pronoun to describe it.
Noun beside a Noun!
Definition of Appositive Phrase Has an
appositive and any modifiers. (A group of words
with an appositive)
Example I chose 1 person, the girl in the pink,
to pass out the papers.
Reasoningthe girl in the pink is describing
person and is placed directly beside that Noun.
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WE ARE DONE!
THE END
Now I know all phrases!
Dont be a dead fish! That was fun
right?!?!?!
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Time for a quick check with parts of speech!
Theres a Test Tomorrow!
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My pet rock is named Totoro.
POS Pronoun
Type of Pronoun Personal
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My iPhone, which may be cracked, still works.
POS Pronoun
Type of Pronoun Relative
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I, myself, spend 90 of my time on Tumblr.
POS Pronoun
Type of Pronoun Intensive
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Does anyone have a bike?
POS Pronoun
Type of Pronoun Indefinite
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I love to listen to popular music.
POS Adjective


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I totally dont care about that at all!
POS Pronoun
Type of Pronoun Demonstrative
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I love to listen to Lil Wayne music one way only,
loudly!
POS Adverb


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I have an orange!
POS Adjective
Type of Adjective Indefinite Article
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I want the iguana and a matching hat.
POS Adjective
Type of Adjective Article AIndefinite Article,
TheDefinite Article
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The iguana would actually look cute in the hat.
POS Preposition
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My homework is complicated.
POS Adjective
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Friendship is magic.
POS Noun
Type of Noun Common, Abstract, Compound
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I looked around for concert tickets, but couldnt
find any!
POS Adverb


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POS Conjunction
The football team did great, for they absolutely
crushed the opponents!
Type of Conj Coordinating (FANBOY)
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My parents think of themselves as my wardens.
POS Pronoun
Type of Pronoun Reflexive
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When my parents try to be cool, theyre still
not.
POS Conjunction
Type of Conj Subordinating
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POS Interjection
Wow, those cookies look scrumptious!
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It is fun to have friends that have the same
interests as you.
POS Pronoun
Type of Pronoun Relative
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I am an American citizen.
POS Adjective
Type of Adjective Proper
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That dog is the cutest thing Ive ever seen!!
POS Adjective
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Everyone should show school spirit at the pep
rally.
POS Preposition
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The End! Test Tomorrow! Study!
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Ok, lets switch to a review of phrases!
http//www.shmoop.com/video/cahsee-ela-41-writing-
sentence-structure
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Q What 2 main things does a prepositional phrase
have?

• A
• Preposition
• Object

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Q What 2 characteristics does an infinitive
phrase have?

• A
• Starts with to
• Has a verbal

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Q Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional
Phrase (To the dark mausoleum)
A Prepositional Phrase
Q Why?
A Because it has a preposition and an object,
and no verbal
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Q Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional
Phrase (To infinity)
A Prepositional Phrase
Q Why?
A Because it has a preposition and an object,
and no verbal
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Q Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional
Phrase (To see the mysterious object)
A Infinitive Phrase
Q Why?
A Because it starts with to and contains a
verbal see.
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Q Gerund Phrase or Participial Phrase (Seeing
my shadow on the foggy path) made me weary to
proceed through the rusted gate.
A Gerund Phrase
Q Why?
A Because the phrase is acting as the subject of
the sentence, which makes it a noun, and it ends
in ing
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Q Gerund Phrase or Participial Phrase (Seeing
my shadow on the foggy path) I decided to turn
around and head for home.
A Participial Phrase
Q Why?
A Because the verbal Seeing is acting as an
adjective describing I.
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Q What is the difference between a verb and a
verbal?
A A verb expresses action or a state of being A
verbal looks like a verb, but is another part of
speech N, Adj, or Adv
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Q Is the underlined word a verb or verbal?
A Acting like a fool in English class is not
appreciated by Willy Shakes.
Q Why?
A Because acting is not expressing action. It
is functioning as a noun
Q What specific kind of verbal is it and why?
A Gerund because it ends in ing and is acting
as a noun
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Be Creative!!!