Information and Communication

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Information and Communication
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Questions

• What is the nature of communication in
  organizations?
• What are the essentials of interpersonal
  communication?
• What are the barriers to effective communication?
• What are current issues in organizational
  communication?

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Study Question 1 What is the nature of
communication in organizations?
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Study Question 1 What is the nature of
communication in organizations?

• Feedback and communication.
• Feedback is the process through which the
  receiver communicates with the sender by
  returning another message.
• Giving feedback often is associated with one or
  more persons communicating an evaluation of what
  another person has said or done.
• 360-degree feedback.

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Study Question 1 What is the nature of
communication in organizations?

• Guidelines for effective constructive feedback.
• Give feedback directly and in a spirit of mutual
  trust.
• Be specific, not general use clear examples.
• Give feedback when the receiver is most ready to
  accept it.
• Be accurate check validity with others.
• Focus on things that the receiver can control.
• Limit how much feedback the receiver gets at one
  time.

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Study Question 1 What is the nature of
communication in organizations?

• Communication channels.
• Formal channels.
• Follow the chain of command established by an
  organizations hierarchy of authority.
• Informal channels.
• Do not follow an organizations hierarchy of
  authority.  
• The grapevine is an informal channel through
  which rumors and unofficial information pass.

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Study Question 1 What is the nature of
communication in organizations?

• Channel richness.
• The capacity of a communication channel to convey
  information effectively.
• Richest channels face-to-face communication.
• Moderately rich channels telephone, electronic
  chat rooms, E-mail, written memos, and letters.
• Leanest channels posted notices and bulletins.

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Study Question 1 What is the nature of
communication in organizations?

• Organizational communication is the specific
  process through which information moves and is
  exchanged throughout an organization.
• Information flows
• Through formal and informal structures.
• Downward, upward, and laterally.

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Study Question 1 What is the nature of
communication in organizations?
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Study Question 2 What are the essentials of
interpersonal communication?

• Effective and efficient communication.
• Effective communication.
• The accuracy of communication.
• Efficient communication.
• The cost of communication.
• Effectiveness does not guarantee efficiency or
  vice versa.

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Study Question 2 What are the essentials of
interpersonal communication?

• Nonverbal communication.
• Occurs through facial expressions, body position,
  eye contact, and other physical gestures.
• Gives clues to what a person is really thinking.
• Two important aspects of nonverbal communication.
• Kinesics ? the study of gestures and body
  postures.
• Proxemics ? the study of how space is utilized.

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Study Question 2 What are the essentials of
interpersonal communication?

• Active listening.
• Ability to listen well is a distinct asset.
• Everyone needs to develop good skills in active
  listening.
• Active listening is the ability to help the
  source of a message say what he or she really
  means.

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Study Question 2 What are the essentials of
interpersonal communication?

• Guidelines for active listening.
• Listen for content.
• Listen for feelings.
• Respond to feelings.
• Note all cues.
• Reflect back.

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Study Question 2 What are the essentials of
interpersonal communication?

• Cross-cultural communication.
• Ethnocentrism.
• The tendency to believe that ones culture and
  its values are superior to those of others.
• Cross-cultural communication challenges.
• Language differences.
• Use of gestures.
• One of the best ways to understand cultural
  differences is to learn some of the language.

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Study Question 3 What are the barriers to
effective communication?

• Physical distractions.
• Any aspect of the physical setting in which
  communication takes place.
• Can interfere with communication effectiveness.

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Study Question 3 What are the barriers to
effective communication?

• Semantic problems.
• Involves a poor choice or use of words.
• Use the KISS principle of communication.
• Keep it short and simple.

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Study Question 3 What are the barriers to
effective communication?

• Mixed messages.
• Occur when a persons words communicate one thing
  while actions or body language communicates
  another.
• Nonverbals add important insights in face-to-face
  meetings.

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Study Question 3 What are the barriers to
effective communication?

• Absence of feedback.
• One-way communication flows from sender to
  receiver only, with no direct and immediate
  feedback.
• Two-way communication goes from sender to
  receiver and back again.
• Two-way communication is more effective than
  one-way communication.

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Study Question 3 What are the barriers to
effective communication?

• Status effects.
• Status differences create potential communication
  barriers between persons of higher and lower
  ranks .
• Mum effect.
• Occurs when people are reluctant to transmit bad
  news.
• Management by wandering around (MBWA).
• Getting out of the office to directly communicate
  with others as they do their jobs.

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Study Question 4 What are current issues in
organizational communication?

• Advances in information technologies enable
  organizations to
• Distribute information much faster.
• Make more information available.
• Allow broader and more immediate access to
  information.
• Encourage participation in the sharing and use of
  information.
• Integrate systems and functions, and use
  information to link with the environment.

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Study Question 4 What are current issues in
organizational communication?

• Potential disadvantages of electronic
  communications.
• Technologies are impersonal.
• Nonverbal communication is removed from
  situation.
• Can unduly influence the emotional aspects of
  communication.
• Information overload.

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Study Question 4 What are current issues in
organizational communication?

• Communication and social context.
• Mean and women are socialized into different
  communication styles.
• Women are socialized to be more sensitive to
  interpersonal relationships in communication.
• Men are socialized to be competitive, aggressive,
  and individualistic, which may cause
  communication problems.