Chapter 11 The Coming of the Civil War

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Chapter 11The Coming of the Civil War
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Stowe wrote Uncle Toms Cabin.
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Southerners view of slavery was the plantation
was like a large and happy family.
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Population
North South 21.5 million 9 million
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Railroad miles Factories North--21,700 110,100
South--9,000 20,600
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Samuel F. B. Morse invented the telegraph in
1844. Telegraph wire was stung along railroad
tracks.
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Compromise of 1850-two laws favored the North,
two the South, and one law allowed the
territories to decide.
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The Coming of War After the Compromise of 1850,
the Whig party will never again win a
presidential election. Other political parties
are created Free Soil Party-abolitionists
American Party-anti-Catholic and
anti-immigrant
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The American party was frequently called the
Know-nothings.
They did very well in local elections.
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Kansas-Nebraska Act In order to split up the
disputed territory of Kansas/Nebraska in 1854,
Stephen Douglas of Illinois proposed that they be
allowed popular sovereignty. This would force
the repeal of the Missouri Compromise.
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After 9 months of debate, it passed, but everyone
was angry about it. Because of this, the
Republican party was created as an anti-slavery,
anti-South, strong central govt party in 1854.
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The Republicans drew support from Free Soilers,
Whigs, anti-slavery Democrats, and abolitionists.
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Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois introduced
the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
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The act supported the practice of popular
sovereignty--letting the people in the territory
decide whether slavery wold be allowed there.
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act brought violence between
free soilers and pro-slavery.
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Bleeding Kansas On May 21, 1856, open violence
erupted when pro-slavery Southerners looted
newspaper offices and homes in Lawrence, KS.
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John Brown, an evangelical anti-slavery CT
native, believed that he was Gods chosen
instrument and responded by gathering some men
and killing 5 pro-slavery settlers with swords
while their families watched. This would not
help matters.
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Rep. Preston Brooks (D-SC) beat Sen. Charles
Sumner (R-MA) senseless, becauseof some
anti-slavery remarks he had made.
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Brooks resigned from the House, but South
Carolina immediately re-elected him. He was
presented with numerous canes as gifts from
well-wishers. Sumner suffered severe neurological
damage and spent years recovering in Europe.
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Dred ScottScott v. Sanford
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The Politics of Slavery In the election of 1856,
the Democrats nominated James Buchanan, who had
been out of the country and was not associated
with an opinion on Kansas, but their party
platform favored the Compromise of 1850.
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James Buchanan
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The Republicans ran John C. Freemont, a Mex/Am
war hero with no political experience. They
supported a free Kansas. The American
(Know-nothing) party ran Millard Filmore. They
didnt talk much about slavery. The whole
election was about Kansas.
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Buchanan won the election and promised to stop
the Norths agitation of slavery. He hoped
that the Supreme Court would do this, but they
only made things worse. Two days after
Buchanans inauguration, they handed down the
Dred Scott decision.
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Newspaper about the SC decision. Dred Scott and
his wife are at the bottom.
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In Scott v. Sanford, the slave Dred Scott sued
his owner in Missouri, saying that since they had
once lived in free states that they were free.
The SC ruled that slaves were property and that
people could not be deprived of property without
the due process of the 5th Amendment.
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Northerners were outraged! This meant that
Congress had no power to ban slavery anywhere.
So the MO Compromise was illegal, and the
Compromise of 1850 was illegal. Slavery follows
the flag! Buchanan thought this would be the
end of the slavery issue.
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Kansas was unwilling to accept any SC ruling as
law. In 1857, a small proslavery group elected a
Constitutional Congress to apply for KS
statehood. The LeCompton Constitution was so
offensive that anti-slave people refused to
participate in the vote.
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Remember kids, the LeCompton Constitution is
evil! And say no to drugs!
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Buchanan, hoping to end the debate on slavery,
urged Congress to approve the LeCompton
Constitution. This was too much even for
Northern Democrats. Stephen Douglas (D-IL) spoke
out against it. Congress sent it back to KS for
a vote where it was defeated.
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Lincoln - Douglas Debates
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The Lincoln-Douglas debates.
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Lincoln - Douglas Debates (1858)

• Series of seven debates over slavery in new
  territories
• Illinois sharply divided on slavery
• Lincoln and Douglas were fighting for seat in
  Senate

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Stephen Douglas

• Little Giant
• Thought whites superior to blacks
• Denounced Lecompton Constitution

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Abraham Lincoln

• Born log cabin in Kentucky
• Taught himself - studied law
• Worked as postmaster, railsplitter
• Settled in Springfield, Illinois

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Debates

• Focused on two principles of government -
  majority rule and minority rights

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Douglas Beliefs

• Majority of people in state or territory can do
  what want
• Popular sovereignty
• Make own decision on slavery

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Lincoln Beliefs

• Common man
• Didnt believe majority had right to infringe on
  minoritys right to life, liberty, and pursuit of
  happiness

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Views on Slaves

• Both didnt think Federal gov. had power to stop
  slavery
• Lincoln favored containing it to sectional areas
  until die out
• Lincoln viewed as moral issue

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A house divided within itself cannot stand

• Abraham Lincoln

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Election Results for Senate

• Lincoln lost election
• Began to get larger following because of moral
  values

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John Browns Raid

• October 16, 1859 John Brown (and 22 others)
  raided a Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.
• Wanted to get weapons to give to enslaved blacks
  in Virginia.

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Response to Raid

• Col. Robert E. Lee sent to subdue raid.
• Killed half of Browns men.
• After surrendering, Brown tried found guilty for
  treason.

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Aftermath of Raid

• Many northerners praised him as tool of justice
  against slavery
• Deepened distrust and anger between North and
  South

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Nov. 6, 1860 Lincoln elected Pres. Without the
support of the southern states
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In the winter of 1860-61 the southern states
started to secede and they formed the Confederate
States.
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In Feb. 9, 1861 Jefferson Davis was elected pres.
of the Confederacy.
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