The Coming of the Civil War

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The Coming of the Civil War

• The Impending Crisis
• Two Nations

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Two Nations

• North believed slavery was wrong based on
  religion
• South attacked uncaring northern industrialists
  who took no personal responsibility for workers

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Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Uncle Toms Cabin Eliza Harris, a slave, escapes
  when her child is to be sold
• Uncle Tom is sold and is killed by his brutal
  master, Simon Legree

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Differences

• North had urban, large population new
  technology more railroads telegraph factories
• South had more slaves and cotton

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Telegraph
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New Political Parties
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Election of 1848

• Democrats Lewis Cass
• Whigs Zachary Taylor
• Free Soil Party took votes away from Cass to give
  Taylor the victory
• Taylor dies in 1850 Millard Fillmore takes office

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Zachary Taylor
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Millard Fillmore
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Compromise of 1850

• Henry Clay of Kentucky proposes a compromise to
  admit California as a free state
• John Calhoun of SC against
• Daniel Webster for

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Daniel Webster
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Provisions

• 1. Admit CA as free state
• 2. Territories of New Mexico and Utah decide for
  themselves
• 3. Abolish sale of slaves in Washington, D.C.
• 4. Slavery remained legal in Washington, D.C.
• 5. Fugitive Slave Act all citizens must assist
  in the return of runaway slaves to owners no
  jury trial for slaves

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Political Parties

• Decline of the Whig party
• Election of 1852 Franklin Pierce, a Democrat,
  defeats Winfield Scott, a Whig
• Know-Nothing Party against immigrants

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Stephen Douglas of Illinois wanted to run for
  President
• Act supported popular sovereignty for area
• Passed but made North angry

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Two New Parties

• Republicans
• Know-Nothings (against immigrants, Irish
  Catholics) wanted native Americans to have best
  treatment

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Republican Party

• Dedicated to stopping Slave Power
• Demanded repeal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and
  Fugitive Slave Act

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Republicans

• Comprised of antislavery Democrats, Whigs, and
  Free Soilers from North
• Small business owners, craftworkers, farmers,
  professionals

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The System Fails
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Violence Begins

• Free soilers 1,200 New Englanders sent to Kansas
  to fight against slavery
• Proslavery settlers opposed them
• 1856, open violence

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Two Capitals

• Free soilers capital was in Topeka, Kansas
  against slavery
• Proslavery capital was in Lecompton, Kansas

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Bleeding Kansas

• John Brown Following a raid in Lawrence by a
  proslavery group, he and his followers killed
  five proslavery men
• Summer of murder and raids

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Bleeding Kansas
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John Brown
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John Browns Raid

• 1859, Brown and his men attacked the federal
  arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia
• Wanted a slave uprising
• Colonel Robert E. Lee leads troops Brown is
  executed.

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Senate Violence

• Senator Charles Sumner, a Republican, attacked
  Southerners for slavery
• Preston Brooks beat him with his cane
• Sumner lived but never recovered added to hatred

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Election of 1856

• Democrats nominated James Buchanan
• Republicans nominated John C. Fremont
• Know-Nothings chose Millard Fillmore

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Buchanan

• Buchanan wins the election
• He hoped that the Supreme Court would use its
  power to resolve the slavery issue.
• Next decision angers the North even more

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James Buchanan
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Scott v. Sandford

• The Dred Scott Decision 1857 Scott sued his
  owner
• Said that he and his wife were taken to states
  and territories where slavery was illegal and
  should be free

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Dred Scott
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Ruling

• 7 to 2 against Scott
• Slaves are not citizens and cannot sue in court
• Scott not free due to being in free area
• Missouri Compromise declared unconstitutional

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Lecompton Constitution

• Proslavery group wrote a proslavery constitution
  for Kansas
• Buchanan accepted it, but Congress returned it.
• Defeated by Kansas people

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Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• Campaigning for Senate
• Series of seven debates on the issue of slavery
  in the territories.
• Physical contrast in the men
• Douglas wins election

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Abraham Lincoln
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Abraham Lincoln

• Studied law and worked at various jobs
• Served in the Congress in the 1840s
• Believed that the majority could not deny the
  minority their rights
• Foresaw confrontation

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Stephen Douglas
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Senator Douglas

• Short, stout
• Believed that the majority of people could do
  anything they wished, even make slavery legal
• Lincoln gets national attention

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A Nation Divided Against Itself
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Border States

• Delaware
• Maryland
• Kentucky
• Missouri

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The Election of 1860

• In April 1860, Democratic Party split into North
  and South factions
• In Border States, the Constitutional Union party
  forms from Whigs and American party (Know
  Nothing)

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Candidates in1860

• Southern Democrats John C. Breckinrigde
• Northern Democrats Stephen Douglas, Illinois
• Constitutional Union party John Bell, Tennessee
• Republican party Abraham Lincoln, Illinois

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And the winner was

• Lincoln wins with 39 of the vote and 180
  electoral votes
• A sectional victory
• Hadnt even been on southern ballots!!

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Lincolns First Inauguration