HamiltonJefferson to the Civil War Framework Review

1
Hamilton/Jefferson to the Civil WarFramework
Review
2
Alexander Hamilton wanted a strong federal
government.
3
Hamilton wanted to support trade industry. He
wanted to created a national bank to fix
country's finances.
4
Jefferson favored strong state governments over a
strong federal gov.
5
Jefferson also wanted the countrys economy based
on farming.
6
Differences between Hamilton Jefferson gave
rise to a two-party system.
7
Those who agreed with Hamilton were called
Federalists.
8
Those who sided with Jefferson were called
Democratic-Republicans.
9
Thomas Jefferson bought the vast Louisiana
territory from France.
10
Louisiana stretched from Mississippi River to the
Rocky Mountains.
11
Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
to explore this territory.
12
James Madison asked Congress to declare war on
England in 1812.
13
Victory showed that the United States was a truly
independent country.
14
This war also forced Americans to develop their
own industry.
15
In 1823, Pres. James Monroe warned all European
nations not to interfere with any nation in the
Americas.
16
Monroe stated the U. S. would stay out of
European affairs.
17
This agreement is known as the Monroe Doctrine.
18
Manifest Destiny was the belief that the U.S. was
meant to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific
Ocean.
19
Led to the removal of Native Americans from their
land.
20
When Mexico refused to sell land to Pres. Polk,
he declared War on Mexico.
21
In 1849, westward expansion was helped by the
discovery of gold in California.
22
In 1828, Andrew Jackson was considered President
of the Common man as voting rights were
extended.
23
Jackson used the Spoils System to give his
friends/supports federal gov. jobs.
24
In 1830, the Indian Removal Act forced all Native
Americans west of the Mississippi River.
25
Cherokee took law to the Supreme Court, and the
Court found Indian Removal Act unconstitutional.
26
President Jackson refused to obey the Supreme
Courts ruling.
27
This showed a breakdown in the system of Checks
Balances.
28
The Cherokee were forced to walk from Georgia to
new Indian Territory on the Trail of Tears.
29
A tariff is a tax on imports.
30
The main purpose of a tariff is to protect
American industry from cheaper foreign goods.
31
Protective tariffs helped Northern business but
hurt the agricultural South.
32
The theory of Nullification said states ratified,
or approved, the Constitution.
33
Therefore states had the right to nullify any
federal law with which it disagreed.
34
Since the federal gov had been created by the
states, a state could reject, or nullify, a
federal law within its boundaries.
35
John C. Calhoun of South Carolina said his state
would leave, or secede, from the union, if tariff
wasnt lifted.
36
However, it would take a Civil War to finally
settle the question if a state had the right to
nullify a federal law or secede from the union.
37
Daniel Webster believed that the states didnt
create the Federal gov.
38
Used preamble of Constitution to prove point We
the People
39
The different cultural developed in the North,
South, and West led to Sectionalism.
40
Sectionalism referred to the greater loyalty that
many Americans felt toward their own region or
Section than to the whole country.
41
Eli Whitney invented the Cotton gin in 1793.
42
This invention made cotton profitable, thus
increasing the demand for slaves to work on the
plantations.
43
People called abolitionists thought slavery was
morally wrong and fought to end practice.
44
Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote antislavery book
called Uncle Toms Cabin
45
A network of people who helped slaves escape to
the North was called the Underground Railroad.
46
Southerners believed that each state had the
right to nullify a federal law or leave the Union.
47
Northerners believed the Union was the work of
the people and states had no right to secede.
48
The Mex/Amer War, Texas, and Louisiana Purchase
all brought additional territory to the U.S.
49
This posed the problem of whether these
territories would enter the union as Slave or
Free States.
50
If more States entered as Free States,
Southerners feared they would become a minority
in the Senate.
51
If controlled by Northern states, the federal gov
might attempt to abolish slavery.
52
To keep the Union together, Congress reached a
series of compromises dealing with slavery in new
states.
53
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the
Compromise of 1850 preserved the balance between
new Free Slave states.
54
The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed for people in new
states to settle the slavery issue by votecalled
popular sovereignty.
55
John Brown was an abolitionist who hope to seize
guns for a slave revolt in Harpers Ferry,
Virginia.
56
Brown won support of abolitionists and was feared
in the South.
57
Dred Scott sued for freedom because he had been
taken to a Free state.
58
Supreme Court ruled slaves were property, not
people, so he couldnt sue in court.
59
Court said Congress had no right to take away a
slave-holders property.
60
Hence, all Free/Slave state compromises became
invalid.
61
People who spoke out against were called
abolitionists.
62
William Lloyd Garrison was Editor of abolitionist
newspaper called the Liberator.
63
Fredrick Douglass was an escaped slave who
spoke/wrote about the evils of slavery.
64
Sojourner Truth was a former slave who spoke out
against slavery and for womens rights.
65
Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for womens
suffrage, or the right to vote.
66
The first national womens right convention was
held in Seneca Falls, NY.
67
Abigail Adams, wife of President John Adams,
promoted rights for women in voting and education.
68
The Republican Party was formed in 1854 to oppose
the spread of slavery to the new territories.
69
In 1860, Republican candidate Abe Lincoln was
elected President.
70
South Carolina and other Southern states feared
Lincoln would abolish slavery.
71
Southern States seceded, or left, the Union and
formed new country called Confederate States of
America.
72
In 1861, Southerners attacked Fort Sumter,
marking start of Civil War.
73
The North was also known as the Union.
74
The South was known as the Confederacy.
75
The North had a larger population.
76
North had more factories and grew more food.
77
Union also had superior transportation system.
78
Confederates had better military leaders.
79
Southerners were committed to fight for their
cause.
80
South only had to fight a defensive war.
81
Abe Lincoln was President of Union. Jefferson
Davis was President of Confederacy.
82
Robert E. Lee was leader of Southern Army.
Ulysses S. Grant was leader of Union Army.
83
Abe Lincoln presented the Emancipation
Proclamation in 1862.
84
It freed all slaves in only the states in
rebellion.
85
Emancipation Proclamation gave war a new moral
purpose.
86
Civil War ended when Gen. Lee Gen Grant signed
peace treaty at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865.
87
The period after the Civil war was called
Reconstruction.
88
The Southern economy was in ruins.
89
North had to decide how the Southern states would
be readmitted into the Union.
90
Abe Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.
91
Vice President Andrew Johnson then took office.
92
Carpetbaggers were people from the North who
moved south during Reconstruction.
93
Scalawags were White Southerners who opposed the
Confederacy and support Northern Reconstruction.
94
The 13th amendment abolished slavery.
95
The 14th Amendment gave all people born in the
U.S. citizenship.
96
14th amendment also provided citizens with due
process of law and equal protection under the
law.
97
The 15th amendment gave the right to vote to all
former slaves (men only).