Islam

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(No Transcript)
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Peace Be Unto You . . .

• Wa 'Alaikum Salam

• And Also Unto You, Peace

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Islam

• Submission to the Will of Allah

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Meanings

• Allah is God

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Islam means submission
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Muslim is one who submits

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The Quran is the Sacred Text
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Descendents

• Descendents of Abraham
• Ishmael was to be sacrificed
• People of Allah

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Beginning

• Arabia.
• 7th CE in the city of Mecca.
• There was an important trade route.
• There were various tribes in the area.
• Meccans were know as traders.
• The Kabah is located in the city.
• It is the symbol of divine power.
• The keepers were members of the Quraysh tribe.

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One of Many

• Muhammad is one of many prophets.
• Moses, Isaiah, Elijah, Jesus, etc.

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Muhammad

• The prophet who spread Islam.
• Was born in 570 CE in Mecca.
• His father died when he was very young and his
  mother died soon after.
• He went to live with his grandfather who died two
  years later.
• He then lived with his uncle Abu Talib.

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The Life of Muhammad

• He worked as a caravan driver for a widow whom he
  later married.
• Influenced by Judaism and Christianity.

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Revelations

• While meditating in a cave on Mt. Hira about 610
  BCE the angel Gabriel appeared to him with a
  message from Allah.

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• Gabriel told him to receive the message from
  Allah.
• He runs and tells his wife Khadijah who talks to
  her cousin who is a hanif, a monotheist.

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• It was determined that Muhammad had a genuine
  religious experience he was not going crazy.
• Once he understood this he continued with his
  recitations of Allahs messages.
• His first convert, outside of his household was
  Abu Bakr, a man of wealth and influence.

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Muhammads influence

• In 620 Muhammad is contacted by some people from
  Yathrib to be an arbiter and a leader.
• Muhammad accepts on the condition that the
  inhabitants embrace Islam.
• Some agreed to practice monotheism and Muhammad
  sent a teacher with them when they returned to
  the city.

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Muhammads Escape

• Muhammads enemies wanted the prophet dead and
  planned in secret to kill him.
• However, he and a companion escaped and hid out
  in cave outside of Mecca.
• Yathrib (renamed Medina) became the new home of
  the prophet.
• The migration of 622 called the Hijrah is the
  beginning year of the Muslim calendar.

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To Lead or Not to Lead

• The Factions

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Passing of the Torch

• Muhammad
• 1st successor (caliph) - Abu Bakr
• 2nd successor - Umar (he was murdered)
• 3rd successor Uthman (he was murdered)

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Two Main Groups

• Sunnis
• Make up about 85 percent of the Muslim community.
• Accepted Muawiyah as the 4th leader.
• Traditional.
• The word sunni comes from the word sunna which
  means tradition, example.
• Accepted the legitimacy of orthodox caliphates
  (leaders).
• Partly in response to the Shiites, the Sunnis
  developed a religious, political, legal, and
  cultural system consistent with their beliefs.

• Shiites
• Make up about 15 percent of the Muslim community.
• Accepted Ali Bakr as the 4th leader.
• Their successors are called imams and Ali is the
  first imam.
• Ali was assassinated.
• Muawiyah was 5th leader.
• The word shiite comes from the word shia which
  means faction.

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The Geographic Breakdown

• Sunnis
• Light green
• Shiites
• Dark green

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Sunnis

• Their system includes
• The successor is chosen by the consensus of the
  community.
• Caliphs are leaders who rule in the name of
  Allah.
• Quran and hadiths express the will of Allah.

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Sunnis

• The caliph is the head of the religious
  community under which the government exists.
• An imam is one who merely leads in the services
  in the Mosque.
• Schools and scholars debate which help to
  interpret the hadiths and Quran and apply to
  everyday life.

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Shiites

• Zaydis
• Ismalis
• separated from the main group
• known as the Twelvers or Imamis.
• Have continued the successions of imams to the
  twelfth imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Hujja

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Sufis

• The Mystics of Islam

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Sufism

• It is Islamic mysticism.
• It is a devotional movement where inner spiritual
  life is cultivated.
• Sufism is thought to derive from the word suf
  which means wool.
• Sufism highlights genuine Islam and therefore
  emotions are important.

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Sufi Beliefs

• Mysticism is at the core of it it contends that
  the highest experience one can have is a direct
  encounter with God.

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Two Mighty Sources

• The Quran is the sacred text for Muslims

• The Sunna contains traditions of the prophet

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The Quran

• Muhammad did not write the messages he received
  nor did he seek them but the messages came to him
• The Quran
• Its valid copy is in Arabic and all other
  translation are not approved for recitation
• It is beautifully written
• Its authenticity is not doubted
• It is a compilation

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The Quran

• Some handwritten copies of the Quran are artwork
  themselves.
• Passages from the Quran can be found on
  buildings.

• It is made up of 114 suras (chapters) and each
  one has a name.
• It contains teachings about life and regulations
  about many things.
• It has affected Islamic art.

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The Sunna

• It is the guide of Muhammads words and practice.
• These hadiths or traditions of the prophet were
  guides to the practice of Islam along with the
  Quran and comprise the literary form of the
  Sunna.

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The Practice

• The Quran along with the Sunna form the basis of
  the beliefs and practices of the faith community.

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Governance

• What leads the community

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Sharia

• The Sharia is the law that governs all life in
  Muslim countries
• It is comprised of several elements
• Quran (most important)
• The Sunna
• Ijma (consensus of the community
• Qiyas (analogy)
• Ray is sometimes consulted by the Hanifite
  school. Considered opinion of Muslims leaders
  acting for public good. WR-Matthews

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Islam

• Worldview
• The Absolute
• The World
• Humans
• The Problems for Humans
• The Solutions for Humans

• Community and Ethics
• Rituals and Symbols
• Life After Death
• Islam and Other Religions

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Worldview

• The Absolute
• Islam is a monotheistic religion
• They affirm the absolute sovereignty of God
• God communicates with humans through the Quran,
  prophets, prayers and the direction of peoples
  lives.

• Some Muslims believe in predestination and others
  believe that Allah has given humans great
  freedom.
• They denounce anything that may even appear to be
  idolatrous.
• Angels are messengers of God.

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Worldview

• The World
• God created the world good but the world is not
  eternal.
• The world was made for humans to enjoy.
• Food, drink, marriage, sex, clothing, shelter,
  property, wealth all good.

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Humans

• Humans
• Adam and Eve were the first humans created by
  God.
• Humans are above other creatures.
• People are to live together and those who submit
  to God are brothers and sisters

• Women in the Community
• Islam improved the status of women and therefore
  does not tolerate abuse of women. Women are to be
  cared for, can inherit property but are dependent
  on men. There roles are not separated from men
  but are supportive of men.

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Problems

• The Problems for Humans
• Although Adam and Eve sinned the effects of sin
  did not extend to all humans.
• Sin is refusal to submit to the will of God
  revealed through his prophets, especially his
  final one, Muhammad.

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Solution

• The Solution for Humans
• Salvation comes when a person acknowledges that
  there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his
  prophet.
• One needs to say the Shahada wholeheartedly with
  no reservations and live according to the Quran
  to be saved.
• One performs the Five Pillars as obligations.
• When one does ones religious duties and
  refrains from the prohibitions God will judge in
  their favor.

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Community and Ethics

• One avoids certain prohibitions
• gambling
• drinking alcohol
• lying
• stealing
• pork eating
• usury
• One is non aggressive but vengeance is required
  for injustice.

• Community and Ethics
• A Muslim community is called ummah.
• Muslim cities are built around the Mosque.
• Everyone is connected to a family.
• One gives alms to beggars and community treasury.
• There are provisions for more than one wife.

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Rituals

• Rituals and Symbols
• Children are a blessing
• Male child is circumcised
• Marriages are arranged
• It is contractual
• A man can divorce/remarry up to 3 times
• Funeral
• The Mosque is a place of prayer although there
  are pulpits in some.

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Art
http//www.addconsults.com/store/images/ruler.gif

• Islam has adhere strictly to the belief of not
  creating idols. Much of their art work is
  centered on objects. They use a straight edge and
  a compass.
• Dr. Ann Richey has done some research on Islamic
  art and presented at a faculty forum in 2001.
• http//raider.muc.edu/7Eritcheam/Islamicart/sld00
  1.htm

http//www.iit.edu/smart/sheajan1/Compass.gif
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The Role of Women

• Female roles -
• Females have different but complementary roles.
  Girls are prepared for traditional female roles,
  such as wife and mother.
• In some Islamic countries women work as nurses,
  doctors and teachers.

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Worldview

• Life After Death
• When one dies one will eventually have to face
  judgment from Allah.
• Ones deeds are examined and based on this
  examination one either enters paradise or hell.

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Worldview

• Islam and Other Religions
• Muslims believe that everyone should be a Muslim.
• Ignorance is the basis of unbelief.
• The infidel just needs to know
• The Christian and Jew have incomplete knowledge.
• Although Muslims acknowledge the miraculous birth
  and the miracles of Jesus he was in no way
  divine.
• Muslims have been known to cooperate with other
  religions in areas of mutual concerns

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Sources

• An interesting site
• http//www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/cib/2001-02/02c
  ib07.htmintolerance

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Sources

• Slide 1 http//www.msa-natl.org/images/Islam.jpg
  
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  ate.php?fsalaam/salaam3.jpgtemplate
• http//www.quraan.com/Muslim/026.asp002_b26
• Slide 4
• http//havcamwiltrav.tripod.com/oldsite/allah.jpg
• Slide 5 http//www.pluralism.org/resources/slide
  show/jacobs/islam1b_med.jpg
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  ages/_1573897_011002islam300c.jpg
• Slide 7 http//www.ackland.org/art/exhibitions/i
  slam/images/96.4.1.jpg

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Sources

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  an.jpg
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  r/bilder/islam/Gabriel.jpg
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  dina.gif
• Slide 17 http//www.eidmubarak.com/graphics/hijr
  ah/hijrah3_im.jpg
• Slide 19 http//www.lapraik.com/cordeaux/images/
  quranstandcotton.cover.jpg
• http//www.thesaurus-islamicus.li/sunna-small3.gif
  
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  qur-001.jpg
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  2001-02/02CIB07-2.jpg

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Sources

• Slide 26 http//news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/765000/im
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