APAG Ch' 3 Federalism

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APAG Ch. 3 - Federalism
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• What are three things critics say about
  federalism?

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• 1) It does not allow for equal spending with
  education among the states.
• There is a greater need for federal legislation
  and oversight.
• State and local interests can block progress and
  impede national plans

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• What were the two questions before the Supreme
  Court in McCulloch v. Maryland?

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• Could the national government charter a bank?
• Could a state tax a national bank?

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• What did the Supreme Court rule in these two
  questions?

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• The national govt. could charter a bank under
  the implied powers.
• States could NOT tax the national bank because
  the power to tax is the power to destroy.

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• What is the model of federalism where specific
  programs involve all levels of government called?

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• Picket-fence federalism

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• The Norths victory in the Civil War set the
  nation on a path to the ___________.

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• Modern industrial economy.

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• The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is
  an example of what kind of government structure?

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• A confederal system.

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• How did the Supreme Court define commerce in
  Gibbons v. Ogden?

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• It includes all commercial intercourse.

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• What kind of political system gives the central
  governing unit no ability to make laws applicable
  to individuals without approval of state
  governments?

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• A confederal political system.

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• _____ powers derive from the fact that the United
  States is a sovereign power among nations.

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• Inherent powers

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• In the case of __________, the Supreme Court held
  that only when acts of Congress are forbidden by
  the Constitution are they unconstitutional.

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• McCulloch v. Maryland

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• The authority to legislate for the protection of
  the health, morals and safety of the people is
  called __________.

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• Police power

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• Powers specifically granted to the national
  government by the Constitution are called
  _________.

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• Enumerated powers

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• Our federal system of government was a compromise
  between what two groups?

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• Those who favored a strong central government and
  those who favored strong state governments.

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• What did the Personal Responsibility and
  Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 state?

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• It granted states greater power in policymaking
  and it ended grants-in-aid and created a capped
  welfare block grant.

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• What was a major obstacle to the creation of a
  unitary government in the U.S.?

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• The large size of the U.S. and its regional
  isolation.

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• The concept of ______ federalism deals with
  relationships between state governments.

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• Horizontal federalism

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• What is the section of the Constitution in which
  Congress is given the authority to regulate trade
  among the states and with foreign countries
  called?

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• The Commerce Clause.

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• In a _______ system of government, the flow of
  power is from the central government to the local
  and state governments.

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• Unitary System

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• In a _______ system of governments, power is
  divided and shared between the national and state
  governments.

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• Federal System

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• Most __________ powers are not specifically
  stated in the Constitution, but rather only
  implied.

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• Concurrent powers

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• Powers held jointly by the national and state
  governments are called _________.

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• Concurrent powers

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• What are state governments allowed to do in a
  federal political system that is beneficial to
  all states?

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• They can test new ideas by initiating new laws
  within their scope of power.
• (for example welfare reform)

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• In __________, the Supreme Court ruled that the
  national government can regulate commerce in
  states.

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• Gibbons v. Ogden

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• What is in Article I, Section 8 of the
  Constitution that grants Congress the power to do
  whatever appropriate to execute its specifically
  delegated powers?

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• The necessary and proper clause.

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• What was the heart of the controversy that led to
  the Civil War?

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• The national government supremacy versus the
  rights of the separate states.

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• The power of states to regulate commerce within
  their borders is called ______ powers.

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• Reserved powers

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• Why was the first national income tax passed?

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• To pay for the huge debt caused by the Civil War.

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• _______ means national laws take precedence over
  state laws.

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• Preemption

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• The concept of ________ refers to requirements in
  federal legislation that force states to comply
  with certain rules.

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• Federal mandates

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• Most of the disputes regarding boundaries of
  national versus state power involve different
  interpretations of the _______ of the national
  government.

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• Implied powers

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• The power to coin money, the power to declare
  war, and the power to regulate interstate
  commerce are all examples of _____________ powers.

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• Enumerated powers

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• In the area of economic regulation, the legal
  doctrine of ______ _______ emphasized an equality
  between federal and state in their spheres of
  sovereignty.

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• Dual Federalism

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• What kind of political system does France and
  England have?

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• Unitary System

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• What is the most common political system used in
  the world for relations between central and local
  governments?

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• Unitary System

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• The concept of _______ was an attempt to indicate
  that states should have the ultimate authority
  over its citizens.

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• Nullification

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• _________ powers are those that are expressly
  delegated to the national government.

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• Enumerated Powers

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• Why did federal grants to the states increase so
  much?

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• Because they had the appearance of being free.

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• What is an order issued by a court to compel or
  restrain the performance of an act called?

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• An injunction.

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• In a ________ system of government, power is
  shared between the central government and
  regional governments.

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• Federal System

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• _____ _______ was a natural outcome of Franklin
  D. Roosevelts New Deal programs because federal
  grants were given to states to administer
  programs.

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• Cooperative federalism

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• Since the 1990s, the Supreme Court has been
  _______ the power of the national government.

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• Reigning in

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• Nullification was used to justify _____.

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• Secession

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• Both the increased spending by the national
  government and the nationally imposed income tax
  were precursors to ____________.

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• The expanded role of the national government.

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• What is the act of formally withdrawing from
  membership in an alliance called?

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• Secession

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• The Civil War, brought about in large part
  because of the Souths desire for increased
  states rights, resulted in __________.

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• An increase in the political power of the
  national government.

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• _______ grants in aid are grants to states or
  local governments for very specific programs.

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• Categorical grants

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• What is a federal grant that funds a general
  functional area like mental health programs?

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• Block grants

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• What is an agreement between two or more states
  called?

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• An intrastate compact.

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• What do implied powers come from?

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• The necessary and proper clause.

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• Which Supreme Court case concerned the commerce
  clause?

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• Gibbons v. Ogden

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• ________ may not make treaties with foreign
  nations.

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• States

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• The ________ of the Constitution means that
  states cannot use their reserved or concurrent
  powers to thwart national policies.

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• The Supremacy Clause.

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• Activities, problems and policies that require
  state governments to interact with one another
  are called ______.

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• Horizontal Federalism

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• What are states required to do in order to enter
  into agreements called interstate compacts?

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• Get the consent of Congress.

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• Which Supreme Court case struck down provisions
  in the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act?

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• Printz v. United States

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• Which amendment has been interpreted by the
  Supreme Court to mean that states cant be sued
  for violating rights established by federal laws?

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• 11th Amendment

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• The 10th Amendment states that the powers not
  delegated to the United States by the
  Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states
  are _________.

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• Reserved to the states or the people.