Facultad de Ingeniera Fundada en 1885

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Facultad de Ingeniería Fundada en 1885
Universidad de la República
Cuellos de botella para la innovación Una visión
desde la ingeniería
Ismael Piedra-Cueva
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Microelectrónica
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Tratamiento de imágenes
Medida de área de ojo de bife y espesor de grasa
sobre imágenes ecográficas de bovinos
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Energía Renovable
Departamento de Maldonado Sierra Los Caracoles

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Tunel de Viento
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Reactor biológico
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BiliLED tratamiento ictericia neonatal
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Centro Ensayo Software
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The State of the World

• Economy

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GDP Uruguay 1870-2002
Average annual growth rate (last 100 years) 1
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GDP Distribución by sector (2007)

• World
• agriculture 4
• industry 32
• services 64 (est.)

• Uruguay
• agriculture 9.2
• industry 33
• services 57.8 (2007 est.)

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Investment in knowledge
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The State of the World

• Human Resources

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High School PISA 2006

• International comparisons of mathematics and
  science performance (PISA-2006), shown Uruguayan
  15-year-olds scored below the international
  average
• Rank Nº 43, 480 puntos
• Average OCDE 500 puntos

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PISA 2006 Science competencies
Chile
Uruguay
Argentine
Brazil
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High School PISA 2006

• Performance disparities are evident among many
  student subgroups
• Students from disadvantaged backgrounds lagged
  behind, with these disparities starting as early
  as primary school, persisting across grades, and
  widening over time.

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HDI TEST Facultad de Ingeniería
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New University graduates (OECD 2004)

• At the typical age of graduation, 35 of the
  population completed a university degree and 1.3
  a doctoral degree.
• Iceland, New Zealand, Finland, Australia, Norway
  and Denmark had the highest graduation rates
  (over 45).
• Sweden, Switzerland and Portugal the highest
  rates at doctoral level with 3.1, 2.7 and 2.5
  doctorates.
• China is also massively expanding its university
  system and awarded 2.1 million degrees in 2004
  (23 000 doctorates).
• In India, 13 700 doctorates were awarded in 2003,
  of which 38 in science and engineering (SE).

Uruguay 10
Uruguay (2006) 0.03
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Educational Success - SE Degrees
(Source NSF, 2004) MEC 2007
Uruguay (2006)
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RATIOS ENGINEERING DEGREES/TOTAL DEGREES (2004)

• CHINA 28
• MEXICO 15
• JAPAN 25
• S KOREA 25
• GERMANY 17
• UK 10
• FRANCE 13
• UNITED STATES 10
• URUGUAY 8.6

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Intellectual Power Engineering Graduates (2004)
Source NRC Science and Engineering Indicators -
2004
America 200,000
World Intellectual Mass Center is Moving
East 800,000
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URUGUAY

• Challenges

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Challenges for innovation

• Very low basis
• National Education System
• Public University

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URUGUAY

• Bottleneck

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Expenditure in Knowledge

• RD
• Industry Services
• Higher Education (SE)
• TIC

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II. Primary High School

• Improve competences in mathematics, science
  language skills (reading-comprehension) of a
  student population characterized by high social
  disparities among student subgroups ? new
  education plans

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II. Primary High School

• Improve competences in mathematics, science
  language skills (reading-comprehension) of a
  student population characterized by high social
  disparities among student subgroups ? new
  education plans

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III. University

• Increase graduation rates at the typical age of
  graduation, from 10 to near 35 (OECD average)

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III. Engineering undergraduate

• Plan 1974 (6 years) 8.7 years, 170 degrees
• Plan 1997 (5 years) 6.2 years, 270 degrees
• 2007 7.2 years

In times of economic growth, engineer are one of
the most demanded by the market start to work
too early
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III. Ph.D in ET

• Difficulties in incorporating graduates to the
  post graduate courses and scientific-technical
  activities to those disciplines most demanded by
  the market.
• The courses of studies connected to such
  disciplines suffer from a lack of teachers with
  full dedication.

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III. Human Resources ET

• More graduates and posgraduate in ET
• Reduce career duration (undergraduate
  postgraduate)
• More teachers with Ph.D degree

? Políticas discriminación
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IV.- Knowledge-based Economic Development
Jobs
People
Reduce Brain Drain
Value Chain
Remake of Wayne Johnson, Lima 2005
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IV. Link University public/private entities

• Not enough confidence in the University
• Lab/field equipments
• Research system must take into account these
  activities
• Institutional and political issues

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V.- Entrepreneurship

• Strength Engineers' entrepreneurship capacities
  in the productive areas of goods and services
• Program EBT
• Julio Ricaldoni Foundation

• Develop entrepreneurship capacities at early
  stages of the educative system

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end

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