Abdomen

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Abdomen

• Latin for belly

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Abdomen

• Anatomy
• Injuries
• Evaluation

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Anatomy of the abdomen

• Muscles
• Internal organs

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Muscles of the abdomen

• Rectus abdominus-attaches the hip to the ribs and
  sternum.
• Obliques-attaches the hip to the lateral aspect
  of the ribs.

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Muscles of the abdomen
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Quadrants of the abdomen

• Upper right and left
• Lower right and left
• Directions are in relation to the victim.

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Upper right

• Kidney
• Liver
• Gallbladder

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Upper left

• Stomach
• Kidney
• Pancreas
• Spleen

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Lower right

• Appendix

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Lower left

• Large intestine
• Small intestine

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Ailments to the abdomen

• Appendicitis
• Hernia
• Spleen
• Kidney
• Strains

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Appendicitis

• The appendix is located at the end of the large
  intestine, and has no real known function.
• The inflammation of the appendix occurs from
  either an infection or a blockage. Pain tends to
  be located in the right lower quadrant, and
  localizes directly above the position of the
  appendix at a point called "McBurney's point."

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Appendicitis

• Signs and symptoms
• Pain
• Nauseau
• Vomitting
• Constipation

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Hernia

• Occurs when an abdominal organ or fatty tissue
  protrudes through a weakened area of the
  abdominal wall which results in a protrusion.
• Signs and Symptoms
• Pain with movement
• Protrusion through abdominal wall

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Spleen

• The spleen is an organ found in the abdominal
  area, located just below the ribs on the left
  hand side. The spleen filters out infection and
  other unwanted particles from the blood.

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Spleen

• What are the symptoms of spleen injuries?
• pain in the left side of the abdomen
• pain in left shoulder
• Kehrs sign
• lightheaded feeling
• paleness
• weak pulse

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Kidneys

• Part of the urinary system, the kidneys filter
  wastes (especially urea) from the blood and
  excrete them, along with water, as urine.

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Kidneys

• Injuries to kidneys will usually result from a
  direct blow.
• Signs and symptoms
• Pain in the back and sides
• Hematuria blood in the urine

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Strains

• Result from sharp twisting and turning, or
  overstretching.