Classification

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Classification

• How to sort life?

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Taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms.

• Shows relationships between organisms
• Current system credited to Carl Linnaeus
• Based on physical and structural features
• More features in common closer relationship

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Levels of Classification
Taxa

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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the OC)
All living things are divided into 6 kingdoms.
Each of those kingdoms is then divided into
phylums, each phylum is divided into classes, etc.
See Table 1 pg. 328
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ORGANISM
ORGANISM
GROUP
GROUP
CHIMPANZEE
CHIMPANZEE
HOUSE CAT
HOUSE CAT
HOUSEFLY
HOUSEFLY
NAME
NAME
HUMAN
HUMAN
LION
LION
KINGDOM
KINGDOM
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arthropoda
PHYLUM
Chordate
Chordate
PHYLUM
Chordate
Chordate
Chordate
Chordate
Chordate
Chordate
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
CLASS
CLASS
Insect
Insect
Carnivora
Carnivora
Carnivora
Carnivora
Primates
Primates
Primates
Primates
ORDER
ORDER
Diptera
Diptera
Hominidae
Hominidae
Muscidae
Muscidae
FAMILY
Pongidae
FAMILY
Pongidae
Felidae
Felidae
Felidae
Felidae
GENUS
GENUS
Musca
Musca
Homo
Homo
Felis
Felis
Felis
Felis
Pan
Pan
troglodytes
troglodytes
SPECIES
domestica
domestica
SPECIES
domestica
domestica
sapiens
sapiens
leo
leo
Musca domestica
Musca domestica
Pan troglodytes
Pan troglodytes
Felis domestica
Felis domestica
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
Scientific
Scientific
Felis leo
Felis leo
Name
Name
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Kingdoms
Whats wrong with this picture?
8
Kingdoms

• Originally only 2 (Plant and Animal)
• Single-celled plants and animals discovered
  Protists
• Some protists lacked a nucleus Monera
• Some plants were too unique Fungi
• Some Monera were too unique Archaea

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Kingdoms

• In order of complexity
• Reproduction - change from asexual to sexual
• Cell structure - increase from single celled to
  multicelled
• Lifestyle - plant-like vs. animal like (autotroph
  vs. heterotroph, cell wall vs none), aquatic vs.
  terrestrial

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Phylogeny

• The evolution of the kingdoms
• Simplest came first then possibly merged into
  more complex organisms

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Binomial Nomenclature

• A two part scientific name
• First part is genus (capitalized)
• Last part is species (this is kind of backwards
  if you compare it to our names!!)
• Species look alike and interbreed
• Common first part demonstrates relatedness
• Grizzly bear - Ursus horribilis,
• Polar bear - Ursus maritimus
• Koala bear - Phascolarctos cinereus
• Panda bear - Ailuropoda melanoleuca

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Binomial Nomenclature
Match the scientific name to the common name!

• 1) Canis lupis
• 2) Acer saccharum
• 3) Toxicodendron radicans
• 4) Bufo americanus
• 5) Homarus americanus
• 6) Canis familiaris
• 7) Quercus rubra

A) toad B) poison ivy C) wolf D) red oak E)
lobster F) sugar maple G) dog
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Dichotomous Key

• The EASY way to classify organisms and determine
  what an organism is.
• Usually dividing a group into 2 categories
  (basically a yes no question) and then 2 more and
  so on, based on a series of questions.

See pg. 332-333