Motion and Physical States of Matter

1
Motion and Physical States of Matter

• Mr. Martin
• Greenwood High School

2
Kinetic Energy and Temperature

• kinetic theory states that all matter is made of
  particles that are in constant motion
• kinetic energy is energy of motion
• temperature is a measurement of the average
  kinetic energy of particle

3
Heat Energy and Temperature

• heat is energy that is transfered from one object
  to another
• energy is transfered from higher to lower
  temperature objects
• there is a maximum speed that molecules or atoms
  of an object can travel before changing phase

4
Solids

• intermolecular forces are very strong
• particles remain relatively fixed
• particles are closely packed and travel a
  distance equal to only a fraction of their
  diameter.
• have a definate shape and volume

5
Liquids

• particles are limited in their motion because of
  intermolecular forces
• particles travel in a straight-line by sliping
  past each other (stay in contact and are
  dependent on each other)
• have a definate volume but assume the shape of
  their containers

6
Gases

• particles are independent of each other
• travel randomly in straight lines
• assume the shape and volume of their container
• have very weak intermolecular forces except in
  cases of extreme temperature and pressure

7
Plasma

• matter is heated to extreame temperatures
• electrons are knocked away from atoms
• matter is composed of electrons and postive ions
• most of the universe is made of plasma including
  stars
• many lasers are made of compounds in a plasma
  state

8
Solids, Liquids,Gases,Plasmaand Molecular
Movement

• given the same substance
• as phases change from a solid to a plasma
• the average kinetic energy (molecular movement)
  of particles increases
• temperature of the solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
  is limited because of the molecular speed (after
  max speed phase change occurs)

9
Colligative Properties

• you can change the boiling point or freezing
  point of a substance by adding particles of
  another substance
• the number of particles are the only thing that
  is important not the composition of the added
  substance
• boiling point elevation
• freezing point depression