States of Matter

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States of Matter
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• The states of matter are the physical forms in
  which a substance can exist.
• Water exists in three different states of
  matter
• Solid (ice)
• Liquid
  (water)
• Gas (steam)

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Moving Particles Make Up All Matter

• Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms
  and molecules.
• These atoms and molecules are always in motion
  and are constantly bumping into one another
• The state of matter of a substance is determined
  by how fast the particles move and how strongly
  the particles are attracted to one another.

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Kinetic Molecular Theory

• Matter is composed of small particles
  (molecules).
• The measure of space that the molecules occupy
  (volume) is determined by the space in between
  the molecules
• The molecules are in constant motion.
  This motion is different for the
  3 states of matter.
• (solid, liquid and gas)

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Solid

• Molecules are held close to each other by their
  attraction. They will bend and/or vibrate, but
  will stay close together.

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Arrangement of Solids

• Most solids have a very orderly
  arrangement of
  particles.
• The particles are arranged in a
  repeating pattern.
• If you were a particle in a solid, your position
  in the solid is your chair. Think about the
  different types of motion that are possible even
  though you cannot leave your chair.

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Liquid

• Molecules will flow or glide over one another,
  but stay toward the bottom of the container.
  Motion is a bit more random than that of a solid

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Arrangement of Liquids

• The particles in liquids move fast enough to
  overcome some of the attractions between them.
• The particles slide past each other until the
  liquid takes the shape of its container.
• Even though liquids change shape, they do not
  change volume.

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• A can of soda contains a certain volume of
  liquid regardless of whether you pour it into a
  large container or a
  small one.

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Properties of a Liquid

• Two important properties of liquids are surface
  tension and viscosity.
• Surface tension is the force acting on the
  particles at the surface of a liquid that causes
  the liquid to form spherical drops.
• Viscosity is a liquids resistance to flow.
• For example, honey flows more
  slowly than water because it has
  a higher viscosity than
  water.

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Gas

• Molecules are in constant motion. The energy of
  the molecule is greater than the attraction
  between them, thus they are much farther apart
  and move freely of each other

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• Gas is the state in which matter changes in both
  shape and volume
• Particles in a gas move fast enough to break away
  completely from one another
• Particles in a gas have less attraction between
  them than particles in the solid or liquid state
• In a gas, there is empty space between particles