England

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England

• A constitutional Monarchy

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objectives

• Explain the separate path of England through the
  age of Absolutism
• Describe the English System of government and how
  it influences the United States
• Analyze the Glorious Revolution and the English
  Civil War (effects)

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Englands History

• Magna Carta, 1215 resulted from fights between
  kings and nobles
• It limited the kings power
• No taxation without representation and jury trial
• Protects citizens rights

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Parliament

• 1295, nobles and knights were summoned by the
  English king for help
• Beg. of Parliament (legislative body)
• Develops into the House of Lords and the House of
  Commons
• The Magna Carta and Parliament checked royal
  power

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Englands problems in the 1600s

• Elizabeth I died 1603, no heir
• James I (her cousin) became king
• King of Scotland and England
• Englands Puritan population was very large in
  the 1600s
• James and the Puritans do not get along

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• James died in 1625, his son Charles I takes the
  throne
• Charles need a lot of , he was fighting in the
  30 yrs war
• Parliament said no made him sign the Petition of
  Rights cant imprison with out cause, Parliament
  passes taxes, no soldiers in private homes

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• Charles I was mad
• He dissolved Parliament
• Charles I imposed heavy taxes on the people
  without Parliaments approval
• He was acting like an absolute monarch

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English Civil War

• Parliament tried to limit the kings power
• Charles I tried to jail Parliament members
  doesnt work
• The country is split
• 1. Roundheads (Puritans) supporters of
  Parliament
• 2. Royalists (Cavaliers) support the king

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Oliver Cromwell

• Cromwell Puritans general
• He was tough and defeated the Royalists
• Cromwell and the Puritans put the king on trial
  sentenced him to death
• Charles I was publicly executed, 1649
• Cromwell became the ruler of England 1649-1658

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• Cromwell abolished the monarchy
• He became a military dictator
• He imposed strict Puritan beliefs
• Invaded Ireland, to put down a rebellion
• He murdered almost 700,000 Irish
• He took away their homes and gave them to English
  soldiers in N. Ireland

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Oliver Cromwell
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Restoration

• People became sick of Cromwell, he died in 1658
• New Parliament was elected, want the monarchy
  back
• Charles II becomes king in 1660
• Undid Cromwells ruling, also passed
• Habeus Corpus cant be imprisoned w/o reason, go
  before a judge

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Glorious Revolution

• Charles II, no children James II his brother
  became king
• Problem he is Catholic!!!
• James II daughter, Mary, was Protestant
• Mary and William of Orange (Dutch) became king
  and queen, overthrow James, this is the bloodless
  Glorious Revolution, 1688

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• William and Mary agreed to recognize Parliament
  and the monarchy as partners
• This is a constitutional monarchy
• Bill of Rights stated Parliaments powers, 1689
• The Cabinet mediator between monarchy and
  Parliament if the 2 disagreed
• Head of the cabinet is called the Prime Minister
• Still in effect today

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Vocabulary

• English civil war
• Oliver Cromwell
• Glorious Revolution
• Magna Carta