Monarchy in England

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Monarchy in England
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Main Idea

• In contrast to the absolute monarchies of Spain
  and France, the English monarchy was limited by
  Parliament
• Following a civil war, Parliament became even
  more powerful.

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The Tudors and Parliament

• Henry VIII (Brad Pitt) and his daughter Elizabeth
  I were members of the Tudor Dynasty
• This was during Absolutism in England.
• However, Parliament placed curbs on absolute
  monarchy.

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Henry VIII and Parliament

• created the Church of England (Protestant) so he
  could divorce his first wife (Catherine of
  Aragon).
• teamed up with Parliament to convert England to
  Protestantism.
• Act of Supremacy(1534)-named the king the head of
  the Church of England

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KING HENRY VIII
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Henrys DaughtersBloody Mary Elizabeth

• Henrys daughter Mary returned England to
  Catholicism
• Elizabeth re-established the Church of England
• Worked well with Parliament, but insisted on her
  divine right.
• People started to question the monarchy.

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QUEEN ELIZABETH
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Review

• What was the English monarchy limited by?
• Of which dynasty were Henry VIII and his daughter
  Elizabeth I were members ?
• Did Henry VIII and Elizabeth have a good
  relationship with Parliament?
• What church did Elizabeth return England to?
  (hint her fathers church)

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The Stuarts of Scotland and Parliament

• Stuarts of Scotland dynasty after Tudors
• King James I
• clashed with Parliament over
• divine right
• war spending
• fact that he was from Scotland

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James I of Scotland
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The Puritans

• As Parliament increased its influence, the
  Puritans made themselves known.
• Puritans-group of strict Calvinists who demanded
• reforms in the Church of England (purify the
  Church)
• King James refused to pass most Puritan requests
  for reform (threat to his power)
• He did agree to the publication of an English
  version of the Bible (King James Bible)

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Charles I Defies Parliament

• Son of James I
• Lost popularity for marrying Catholic princess
  and involving England in military ventures
  overseas
• 1628- requested money from Parliament, they
  refused unless he signed the Petition of Right.
• This limited kings power and was a direct
  challenge to the MONARCHY.
• Dismisses Parliament in 1629 due to disputes over
  money absolute monarchy

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Review

• Who were the 2 leaders of the Stuarts of
  Scotland?
• Why did King James refuse to pass most Puritan
  requests for reform?
• What did the Petition of Right do? (document that
  Parliament forced Charles I to sign)

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The English Civil War1642-1651

• 1640 Charles I had to reconvene Parliament to ask
  for more money
• Long Parliament-took a looooong time to decide in
  the end, Parliament further limited kings power
• Charles agreed to Parliaments demands, but
  secretly planned to overturn them.

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War With Parliament

• 1642 Charles interrupted Parliament in session to
  arrest a radical Puritan group
• Men fled, but Charless plan was revealed
• Some members of Parliament decided to rise up
  against King Charles I
• English Civil War began (1642)

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English Civil War

• Royalistssupporters of the King
• Roundheadssupporters of Parliament (rebels)

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Oliver Cromwell

• Roundhead leader and general who forced the
  kings surrender in 1646
• Dismissed Parliament members who supported the
  King (Rump Parliament left over)
• Rump Parliament tried and executed Charles I on
  January 30, 1649
• Charles I was 1st European monarch killed by his
  own people

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Oliver Cromwell
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Review

• What did the disputes between Charles I and
  Parliament lead to?
• Who forced the Kings surrender in 1646?
• What was Charles I the 1st European monarch to
  have happen to him?

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Turn to Page 150

• Read and interpret the political cartoon of
  Oliver Cromwell.
• How is he portrayed?
• Who might be depicting him this way, and why?

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England under Cromwell

• House of Commons abolished House of Lords and
  England became a COMMONWEALTH
• Republican government based on the common good of
  all people
• However Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector
• dismissed Parliament
• closed theaters
• Shakespeare ?

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Thomas Hobbes

• Conditions during the English Civil War inspired
  philosopher to write LEVIATHAN.
• Described humans as being natural selfish and
  fearful.
• Humans need a powerful STRONG KING.
• Life is solitary, brutish, poor, nasty, short.

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The Monarchy Returns

• Cromwell died
• Restoration brought Charles II to power
• Supported religious toleration, reopened
  theaters, passed Habeus Corpus Act
• James II-Charless son who was unpopular because
  he was Catholic

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Glorious Revolution

• 1688 Parliament ask James IIs daughter and her
  husband, William Mary, to take the throne
• Bloodless revolution
• Parliament made William and Mary agree to a new
  English Bill of Rights
• England now a constitutional monarchy,
• a monarchy limited by law

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William and Mary
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Review

• What was England like under Cromwell?
• When Cromwell died, which movement brought back
  the monarchy?
• Which couple took the throne after the Glorious
  Revolution?