THE US AND THE RISE OF DICTATORS

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THE US AND THE RISE OF DICTATORS

• THE 1930S

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Collective Security -1920s

• League of Nations
• Washington Disarmament Conference
• Locarno Pact
• Kellogg-Briand Pact
• War debts and reparations
• Great Depression

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Good Neighbor Policy

• Clark Memorandum
• Montevideo Conference
• 1915
• Buenos Aires Convention (1936)
• Declaration of Lima (1938)
• Declaration of Panama (1939)

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World Relations

• London Economic Conference
• Tariffs
• Cordell Hull
• FDR and USSR
• Tydings-McDuffie Act
• Jones Act
• William Jennings Bryan

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THE RISE OF DICTATORS

• ECONOMIC POLITICAL INSTABILITY
• COMMUNIST IN RUSSIA
• FASCISTS IN ITALY
• NAZIS IN GERMANY
• MILITARY DICTATORSHIP IN JAPAN

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AGGRESSION IN THE 1930S

• JAPANESE INVADE MANCHURIA 1931
• MANCHUKUO
• LITTON COMMISSION 1932 DENOUNCES JAPAN AS
  AGGRESSOR
• HOOVER STIMSON DOCTRINE 1932
• JAPAN ATTACKS NORTHERN CHINA
• SINKING OF THE PANAY 1937

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1937 FDRS QUARANTINE OF AGGRESSORS SPEECH

• AGGRESSION IS LIKE A DISEASE
• ISOLATIONISTS DENOUNCE FDRS SUGGESTION
• OPPOSITION LEAD BY CHARLES LINDBERGH
• THE AMERICAN FIRST MOVEMENT
• FDR I WILL NEVER SEND AMERICAN BOYS TO FIGHT A
  EUROPEAN WAR!

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HITLER TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• HITLER ELECTED 1933
• BY 1935 HAS DICTATORIAL POWER
• RESTORES COMPULSORY MILITARY SERVICE
• 1936 MOVES TROOPS INTO RHINELAND
• LEAGUE OF NATIONS PROTESTS.

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HITLER
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MUSSOLINI IN ITALY

• TAKES POWER IN 1922
• PROMISES TO RESTORE ROMAN EMPIRE
• 1935 INVADES ETHIOPIA
• LEAGUE PROTESTS VOTES SANCTION
• GERMANY U.S. IGNORE SANCTIONS

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MUSSOLINI
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THE MESSAGE TO DICTATORS

• DEMOCRACIES ARE WEAK, LACK WILL POWER
• AGGRESSION PAYS!
• US Isolation
• Nye Committee
• Neutrality Acts
• 1935
• 1936
• 1937

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1937 ROME-BERLIN-TOKYO AXIS

• AN ALLIANCE OF DICTATORSHIPS
• DEMOCRACIES DO LITTLE

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THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-39

• REHEARSAL FOR WW II
• HITLER-MUSSOLINI AID FRANCO
• LOYALISTS REPUBLICANS AIDED BY SOVIET UNION
• A NON-INTERVENTION PLAN
• U.S. NEUTRALITY LAWS BAR AID TO LOYALISTS

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HITLERS BLOODLESS CONQUESTS

• BY 1938 GERMANY FULLY MOBILIZED FOR WAR
• GERMANS FORTIFY BORDER WITH FRANCE
• FRENCH MAGINOT LINE
• MARCH 1938 GERMANS MARCH INTO AUSTRIA

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CZECHOSLOVAKIA 1938

• THE SUDETENLAND NATURAL BORDER WITH GERMANY
• PROVIDES NATURAL MOUNTAIN DEFENSES
• SOME GERMAN SPEAKERS LIVING THERE.
• HITLERS LAST TERRITORIAL DEMAND

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THE MUNICH CONFERENCE

• GERMANY, FRANCE, BRITAIN, ITALY
• TOPIC CZECHOSLOVAKIA
• APPEASEMENT POLICY
• CHAMBERLAIN I BRING YOU PEACE IN OUR TIMES

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THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA FALLS

• 6 MONTHS AFTER MUNICH
• THE FAILURE OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY
• THE LESSON OF MUNICH, APPEASEMENT DOES NOT WORK

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U.S. REACTIONS TO AXIS AGGRESSION

• INVOLVEMENT IN THE GREAT WAR WAS A MISTAKE.
• ISOLATIONISM OF THE 1920S
• THE NYE COMMITTEE REPORT THE MERCHANTS OF
  DEATH
• POLICY AVOID WAR AT ALL COST!

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NEUTRALITY LAWS

• JOHNSON DEBT DEFAULT ACT 1934 NO AID OR CREDIT
  TO NATIONS THAT FAILED TO PAY DEBTS
• ONLY HONEST FINLAND CAN BORROW.
• NEUTRALITY ACTS OF 1935 1937
• THE CASH AND CARRY PRINCIPLE

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THE ERRORS OF NEUTRALITY

• MAKES NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN AGGRESSORS AND
  VICTIMS
• IGNORES LONG TERM INTERESTS
• NEUTRALITY HURTS VICTIMS MORE THAN AXIS

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FDR