England, 17th Century

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England, 17th Century
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16th Century evolution of institutions

• Henry VIII English Reformation (1509-1547)
• orthodox theology authority to king (1534)
• Brief reign of Edward (1547-1553)
• more extreme pendulum swings in religious
  difference
• Bloody Mary Pro-Catholic (1553-1558)
• attempt to restore Catholicism of her mother
• Elizabeth I 1558-1603
• more compromising more Lutheran-Protestant
  theology
• force of personality, political strengths
• Mary Queen of Scots (French eventually
  executed, but her son becomes king)

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Summary of English Leadership 1600s

• James I 1603-25
• Bible struggles with parliament
• Charles I1625-1649
• Personal Rule Long Parliament executed
• English Civil War 1643-48
• Commonwealth created
• Oliver Cromwell 1653-58
• New Model Army 1653 - Parliament dispersed by
  force
• Charles II (1660-1685)
• Restoration
• James II (1685-1688)
• Roman Catholic deposed
• William Mary Glorious Revolution (1689-1702)

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Religious Texture

• Puritans
• broad designation anti-clerical rigorous
  simple
• Presbyterians
• Calvinist influence presbyters reduced
  liturgy
• Episcopal (Church of England)
• episcopos closer ot Roman theology liturgy
• Independents
• Oliver Cromwell
• Catholics
• Monarch Spouses James II strong allies
• Smaller groups
• Levellers, Quakers

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James I (1603-1625)

• Son of Mary Queen of Scots
• Stuart line begins
• was James VI of Scotland
• Comes to England 1603
• Involved in Bible project
• Difficulty with Parliament
• Supports Divine Right
• favored bishops

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Charles I (1625-1649)

• Conflict with parliament grows
• Petition of Right rejected 1629
• Personal rule (1629-1640) French wife Henrietta
  Marie Laudian support of Catholic ritual
• Scottish revolt, need for money Migration to
  America for religious groups
• Civil War (1642-1648) execution 1649
• Commonwealth established (1648-1660)

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Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658)

• Both idealist and pragmatist
• Assumes power of commonwealth
• Puritan, independent
• Develops into military dictator
• disperses Parliament
• ruthless in Ireland

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Restoration to Revolution (1660-1688)

• Charles II (Restoration 1660-1685)
• James II (Catholic 1685-88)
• Glorious Revolution
• Locke rights parliament 1688
• William and Mary
• installed by parliament in 1689

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Charles II (1660-85) Restoration

• Cromwells death power vacuum
• Merry monarch and Cavalier Parliament
  (1661-1679) Portuguese wife Catherine
• 1672 indulgence suspending anti-Catholic (and
  anti-Puritan) laws
• 1673 Test Act of Parliament office only for
  Anglicans
• Tension continues no parliament French
  subsidies

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James II (1685-1688)

• Catholic King
• Imposition of Catholicism fails
• Birth of male heir prompts his downfall
• 1690 Battle of Boyne

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William and Mary (1689-1702)

• Glorious Revolution
• a Contract establishing his reign
• Parliament gains ascendancy
• Locke articulates philosophical principles

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• England, 17th Century