17th Century

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17th Century

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Title: 17th Century

1
17th Century
2
Read each questions carefully before answering.

1. Which of the following was NOT one of the
dominant states in the early modern period?
A. England
France
Spain
Portugal

1.Which of the following
was NOT one of the
dominant states in the
early modern period?
A. England
France
Spain
Portugal

England, France, and Spain were all growing
powers.

4
2. Which of the following most accurately
describes the political system of the Dutch
Republic of the seventeenth century?

A. Popular democracy
B. Rule of an absolute monarch
C. Rule of wealthy merchants
D. Control of feudal lords
E. Rule by yeoman farmers

5
2. Which of the following most accurately
describes the political system of the Dutch
Republic of the seventeenth century?

A. Popular democracy
B. Rule of an absolute monarch
C. Rule of wealthy merchants
D. Control of feudal lords
E. Rule by yeoman farmers

6
3. The wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries differed from those of earlier
centuries in that

A. dynastic concerns were the primary
motivations.
B. religion ceased to be a major motivation.
C. the armies were much larger and more
expensive.
D. warfare did not often affect the lives of
civilians.

7
3.The wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries differed from those of earlier
centuriesin that

A. dynastic concerns were the primary
motivations.
B. religion ceased to be a major motivation.
C. the armies were much larger and more
expensive.
D. warfare did not often affect the lives of
civilians.

8
4.The population losses caused by theplague and
the Hundred Years' War

A. greatly benefited the French nobility.
B. resulted in the virtual disappearance of
serfdom in France.
C. led to foreign invasion of France.
D. led to the introduction of serfdom in
France.

9
4The population losses caused by the plague and
the Hundred Years War
No more serfing for me

A. greatly benefited the French nobility.
B. resulted in the virtual disappearance of
serfdom in France.
C. led to foreign invasion of France.
D. led to the introduction of serfdom in
France.

10
5. The greatest single cause of warfare between
1550 and 1650 was

A. disputes over constitutional issues
B. religious rivalries
C. economic competition
D. international disputes over territory

11
6. Which of the following best characterized the
Western European economy, as a whole, in the
sixteenth century?

A. widespread unemployment
B. declining trade and commerce
C. Technological breakthroughs in
production
D. unrestricted trade among nations
E. increasing inflation

12
6. Which of the following best characterized the
Western European economy, as a whole, in the
sixteenth century?

A. widespread unemployment
B. declining trade and commerce
C. Technological breakthroughs in
production
D. unrestricted trade among nations
E. increasing inflation

13
7. In the sixteenth century, all of the
following had religious civil wars or political
insurrections EXCEPT

A. Muscovite Russia
B. England
C. the Low Countries
D. France
E. the German states.

14
7. In the sixteenth century, all of the
following had religious civil wars or political
insurrections EXCEPT

A. Muscovite Russia
B. England
C. the Low Countries
D. France
E. the German states.

15
8. The map below, showing religious divisions in
Europe around 1600, illustrates which of the
following differences between Lutheranism and
Calvinism?

A. Lutheran areas were more densely populated and
urbanized than were Calvinist areas
B. Lutheran areas were geographically closer to
papal influences than were Calvinist areas
C. Calvinist areas were more likely to be
influenced by minor sects than were Lutheran
areas
D. Calvinists were more likely to share a common
language than were Lutherans
E. Calvinists were more likely to be a minority
within a state than were Lutherans

16
8. The map below, showing religious divisions in
Europe around 1600, illustrates which of the
following differences between Lutheranism and
Calvinism?

A. Lutheran areas were more densely populated and
urbanized than were Calvinist areas
B. Lutheran areas were geographically closer to
papal influences than were Calvinist areas
C. Calvinist areas were more likely to be
influenced by minor sects than were Lutheran
areas
D. Calvinists were more likely to share a common
language than were Lutherans
E. Calvinists were more likely to be a minority
within a state than were Lutherans

Habsburg-Valois Wars

18
10. In order to pay for the Habsburg-Valois
wars, the French monarchs

A. instituted taxes on the nobility.
B. sold many Renaissance masterpieces.
C. sold public offices.
D. confiscated monastic lands.

19
10. In order to pay for the Habsburg-Valois
wars, the French monarchs

A. instituted taxes on the nobility.
B. sold many Renaissance masterpieces.
C. sold public offices.
D. confiscated monastic lands.

20
11. Who sacked the city of Rome in 1527 during
the Habsburg-Valois Wars?

A. troops of Charles V of Holy Roman Empire
B. the Ottoman Turks
C. French mercenaries
D. the Italian condottieri

France

22
13. Louis XI (1461-1483) is often credited with
laying the foundations of French royal absolutism
because of his

A. establishment of the French Academy to set
standards for written French
B. creation of an autonomous French national
church
C. use of the royal decree to legislate
administrative reforms
D. suppression of the rights of French Huguenots
E. expeditions to gain territory in the Italian
peninsulA.

23
13. Louis XI (1461-1483) is often credited with
laying the foundations of French royal absolutism
because of his

A. establishment of the French Academy to set
standards for written French
B. creation of an autonomous French national
church
C. use of the royal decree to legislate
administrative reforms
D. suppression of the rights of French Huguenots
E. expeditions to gain territory in the Italian
peninsulA.

24
14. The French royal budget in the first half of
the sixteenth century was strained by both the
Hapsburg-Valois Wars and

A. loss of feudal dues and rents.
B. overseas exploration.
C. extravagant promotion of the arts by the
monarchs.
D. the military defeats of the Thirty Years'
War.

25
14. The French royal budget in the first half of
the sixteenth century was strained by both the
Hapsburg-Valois wars and

A. loss of feudal dues and rents.
B. overseas exploration.
C. extravagant promotion of the arts by the
monarchs.
D. the military defeats of the Thirty Years'
War.

26
15. In France, Calvinism

A. often served as a cloak for noble
independence.
B. became the majority religion.
C. had little impact on the nobility.
D. was rejected by the middle class and
artisans.

27
16. Which of the following groups was
instrumental in ending the Wars of Religion
(1562-1598) in France?

A. a group of Roman Catholics and Protestant
called the politiques
B. the French Calvinists nobility
C. Roman Catholic priests led by the papal nuncio
D. a coalition between lower-class Calvinists and
Roman Catholics
E. the Huguenots.

28
17. The Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre

A. was the event that sparked the Dutch Revolt.
B. resulted in the Concordat of Bologna.
C. was caused by the Edict of Nantes.
D. exemplified the hatred between French
Catholics and Protestants.

29
18. In the course of the Wars of Religion in
France, Catholics found an ally in Spain while
Protestants looked to

A. Italy
B. England
C. Austria
D. none of the above.

30
19. Which of the following is NOT true of the
Edict of Nantes?

A. it was issued by Henry IV of France
B. it allowed the practice of Protestantism in
France
C. it was responsible for the St. Bartholomew's
Day Massacre
D. it was revoked by Louis XIV.

31
19. Which of the following is NOT true of the
Edict of Nantes?

A. it was issued by Henry IV of France
B. it allowed the practice of Protestantism in
France
C. it was responsible for the St. Bartholomew's
Day Massacre
D. it was revoked by Louis XIV.

32
20. The Edict of Nantes, as proclaimed by Henry
IV of France in 1598

A. established the principle that "as the ruler,
so the religion"
B. acknowledged the full equality of
Protestantism with Catholicism
C. deprived the Calvinists of all military rights
D. declared Protestantism to be the official
state religion
E. permitted the Calvinists to worship in
specified places and to fortify certain towns
against Catholic attacks

33
21. The phrase "Paris is worth a mass" was
attributed to

A. Henry of Navarre
B. Catherine de'Medici
C. Jean Bodin
D. Maximilien Sully.

34
22.The politiques maintained that

A. a policy of religious toleration was the best
for France
B. mercantilism as an economic policy would ruin
France
C. the unlimited power of the papacy should be
restored in France
D. in spite of French law, Catherine de'Medici
should rule France.

35
23. A politique was

A. a political bureaucrat in France
B. the governor of a French district
C. moderates who tended to subordinate
theological doctrine to political unity
D. a conservative advisor to the king of
France

36
23. A politique was

A. a political bureaucrat in France
B. the governor of a French district
C. moderates who tended to subordinate
theological doctrine to political unity
D. a conservative advisor to the king of
France

Spain

38
26. Which of the following resulted from the
defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588?

A. the invasion of England was prevented
B. Dutch sympathies for the Spanish cause
increased
C. war broke out between England and France
D. a series of uprisings occurred in the Spanish
colonies of Central and South America.

39
27. Philip II shared with Luther and Calvin the
belief that

A. salvation comes by God's gift of grace.
B. church and civil authorities should destroy
heresy.
C. the state should impose morality on its
subjects.
D. the pope was not infallible.

40
27. Philip II shared with Luther and Calvin the
belief that

A. salvation comes by God's gift of grace.
B. church and civil authorities should destroy
heresy.
C. the state should impose morality on its
subjects.
D. the pope was not infallible.

41
28. Which of the following was NOT one of the
problems confronting Philip II of Spain?

A. the revolt of the Dutch Protestants
B. the threat of the English and French in
Spain's overseas holdings
C. the spread of the Reformation within Spain
D. the threat of Ottoman naval power in the
Mediterranean Sea.

42
28. Which of the following was NOT one of the
problems confronting Philip II of Spain?

A. the revolt of the Dutch Protestants
B. the threat of the English and French in
Spain's overseas holdings
C. the spread of the Reformation within Spain
D. the threat of Ottoman naval power in the
Mediterranean Sea.

43
29. The primary causes of the revolt of the
Netherlands were the repression of the Calvinists
and

A. the weakness of Spain.
B. high taxes.
C. English influence and support for the
independence movement.
D. the assassination of William the Silent.

44
30. In 1571 the Spanish ended Turkish control of
the Mediterranean at the Battle of

A. the Dardanelles
B. Gibraltar
C. Lepanto
D. Halfa

45
30. In 1571 the Spanish ended Turkish control of
the Mediterranean at the Battle of

A. the Dardanelles
B. Gibraltar
C. Lepanto
D. Halfa

46
31. The richest area of Philip II's Hapsburg
kingdom was

A. Parma
B. Netherlands
C. Portugal
D. Germany

47
32. The Spanish objective in the Netherlands was
to

A. establish a major port at Antwerp
B. end the Hanseatic League
C. make the area politically docile and
religiously uniform
D. maintain political decentralization in order
to disrupt English foreign policy on the
Continent

48
32. The Spanish objective in the Netherlands was
to

A. establish a major port at Antwerp
B. end the Hanseatic League
C. make the area politically docile and
religiously uniform
D. maintain political decentralization in order
to disrupt English foreign policy on the
Continent

49
33. The Dutch church represented in the painting
below can be identified as Protestant because of

A. its high vaulted ceilings
B. the small number of people in attendance
C. the absence of pews or chairs
D. the plainness of the interior
E. its windows at different levels

A. its high vaulted ceiling
B. the
small number of people

50
33. The Dutch church represented in the painting
below can be identified as Protestant because of

A. its high vaulted ceilings
B. the small number of people in attendance
C. the absence of pews or chairs
D.the plainness of the interior
E. its windows at different levels

A. its high vaulted ceiling
B. the
small number of people

51
34. All of the following were factors in
Elizabeth I's decision to intervene in the Dutch
revolt EXCEPT

A. damage to the English wool industry.
B. the assassination of William the Silent.
C. the fall of Antwerp to the Spanish.
D. the impact of inflation on the Spanish
economy.

52
34. All of the following were factors in
Elizabeth I's decision to intervene in the Dutch
revolt EXCEPT

A. damage to the English wool industry.
B. the assassination of William the Silent.
C. the fall of Antwerp to the Spanish.
D. the impact of inflation on the Spanish
economy.

53
35. The leadership of the Dutch revolts
(1566-1648) sought all of the following EXCEPT

A. an alliance with the English Catholics
B. the end of the Inquisition
C. the end of excessive taxation
D. the elimination of the rule of foreign
officials
E. an alliance with French Protestants.

54
36. In the Netherlands the unifying religious
force came from

A. Lutheranism
B. Calvinism
C. Unitarianism
D. Anabaptism.

55
37. Prince William of Orange, the "silent", led
the people of this region in their struggle for
independence

A. Huguenot France
B. the Netherlands
C. Scotland
D. Switzerland

56
38. In the first half of the seventeenth
century, the Austrian Hapsburgs subdued revolt
and centralized control in their territories by
doing which of the following?

A. emancipating the peasantry and encouraging
agricultural development
B. allying with the urban middle class and
encouraging commercial development
C. establishing a national church headed by the
Hapsburg emperor and redistributing former church
properties
D. creating a customs union to promote trade and
acquiring new territories to supply merchants
with raw materials
E. waging warfare against rebel groups and
supporting the Catholic Reformation.

57
38. In the first half of the seventeenth
century, the Austrian Hapsburgs subdued revolt
and centralized control in their territories by
doing which of the following?

emancipating the peasantry and encouraging
agricultural development
B. allying with the urban middle class and
encouraging commercial development
C. establishing a national church headed by the
Hapsburg emperor and redistributing former church
properties
D. creating a customs union to promote trade and
acquiring new territories to supply merchants
with raw materials
E. waging warfare against rebel groups and
supporting the Catholic Reformation.

58
Thirty Years War
59
39. In the years between 1635 and 1648, the
Thirty Years' War became primarily a struggle
between the

A. Swedes and Austrians
B. Hapsburgs and Bourbons
C. Spanish and English
D. Stuarts and Valois

60
39. In the years between 1635 and 1648, the
Thirty Years' War became primarily a struggle
between the

A. Swedes and Austrians
B. Hapsburgs and Bourbons
C. Spanish and English
Stuarts and Valois
(Henry IV was 1st Bourbon king of France.)

61
40. The phrase, cuius regio, eius religio, means

A. whoever controls the religion may rule
B. he who controls the land may determine its
religion
C. whoever reigns may also serve as head of the
religion
D. the king should always support the
established religion

62
40. The phrase, cuius regio, eius religio, means

A. whoever controls the religion may rule
B. he who controls the land may determine its
religion
C. whoever reigns may also serve as head of the
religion
D. the king should always support the
established religion

63
41. The Peace of Augsburg included in its
provisions

A. Anabaptists
B. Calvinists and Lutherans
C. only Lutherans
D. only Calvinists

64
43. The Bohemian phase of the Thirty Years' War
ended with the

A. intervention of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
B. Battle of the White Mountain.
C. Defenestration of Prague.
D. Peace of Westphalia.

65
43. The Bohemian phase of the Thirty Years' War
ended with the

A. intervention of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
B. Battle of the White Mountain.
C. Defenestration of Prague.
D. Peace of Westphalia.

66
44. French policy during the French
(international) phase of the Thirty Years' War
was motivated by

A. the desire to maintain the political
fragmentation of the empire.
B. the necessity to support its ally, Spain.
C. religious beliefs.
D. Richelieu's hatred of the Protestants.

67
45. The greatest beneficiary of the Thirty
Years' War was

A. Spain
B. the Holy Roman Empire
C. France
D. Russia

68
46. The primary goal of France in entering the
Thirty Years' War was to

A. defend Catholics against German Protestants
B. punish the Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphus
C. reduce the power of the Hapsburgs
D. place a Bourbon on the Spanish throne.

69
47. The long term effect of the Thirty Years'
War on the German states was to

A. restrict Lutheranism to southern German states
B. initiate a long era of peace and rapid
economic recovery
C. encourage unification
D. devastate the German states' economies
E. increase the power of the Holy Roman Empire.

70
47. The long term effect of the Thirty Years'
War on the German states was to

A. restrict Lutheranism to southern German states
B. initiate a long era of peace and rapid
economic recovery
C. encourage unification
D. devastate the German states' economies
E. increase the power of the Holy Roman Empire.

71
48. The Peace of Westphalia resulted in all of
the following EXCEPT

A. enhanced prestige and power for France.
B. an increased role for the papacy in German
affairs.
C. a powerful Swedish presence in northern
Germany.
D. recognition of the independence of the United
Provinces.

72
48. The Peace of Westphalia resulted in all of
the following EXCEPT

A. enhanced prestige and power for France.
B. an increased role for the papacy in German
affairs.
C. a powerful Swedish presence in northern
Germany.
D. recognition of the independence of the United
Provinces.

73
49. The Thirty Years' War was brought to an end
by the

A. Edict of Nantes
B. Treaty of Westphalia
C. Battle of White Mountain
D. Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

74
50. Which of the following was a major result of
the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)?

A. the long-term strengthening of the Holy Roman
Empire's authority
B. the banning of Calvinism in the German states
C. the establishment of strong Russian influence
in the northern German states
D. the loss of as much as one-third of the
German-speaking population through war, plague,
and starvation
E. the encouragement of rapid economic
development in many German-speaking cities.

75
51. The Thirty Years' War in the seventeenth
century was

A. primarily a religious struggle between the
Papal States and the Protestant German states
B. a complex conflict sustained by religious
disagreements, German constitutional arguments,
and international power struggles
C. a political conflict rooted in English efforts
to dominate the continent
D. the first of the humane wars that
characterized modern European history
E. triggered by the efforts of the Spanish to
overthrow the Protestant monarchy in England.

76
51. The Thirty Years' War in the seventeenth
century was

A. primarily a religious struggle between the
Papal States and the Protestant German states
B. a complex conflict sustained by religious
disagreements, German constitutional arguments,
and international power struggles
C. a political conflict rooted in English efforts
to dominate the continent
D. the first of the humane wars that
characterized modern European history
E. triggered by the efforts of the Spanish to
overthrow the Protestant monarchy in England.

77
52. The most important political and military
result of the Thirty Years War and the Peace of
Westphalia was the

Decline of Denmark as a Baltic power
Decline of the Ottoman Empire as a great power
Rise of the English naval power
Rise of Russia as a great power
Rise of France as a great power

78
Exploration
79
53. He began the Portuguese efforts to find an
all-sea route to the Far East?

A. Pedro Cabral
B. Prince Henry the Navigator
C. Bartholomew Diaz
D. King John III.

80
54. All of the following were invented in
Western Europe during the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries EXCEPT

A. firearms
B. moveable printing type
C. the compound microscope
D. the compass
E. the flying shuttle

81
54. All of the following were invented in
Western Europe during the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries EXCEPT

A. firearms
B. moveable printing type
C. the compound microscope
D. the compass
E. the flying shuttle

82
55. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494

A.recognized English claims in North America
B.divided the newly discovered lands between
Spain and Portugal
C.was the first European treaty entered into with
the Chinese
D.saw the state of Muscovy lay claim to Siberia.

83
57. As Europeans pushed overseas, the region
which they were slowest in penetrating was

A. Mexico
B. sub-Saharan Africa
C. India
D. southeast Asia.

84
57. As Europeans pushed overseas, the region
which they were slowest in penetrating was

A. Mexico
B. sub-Saharan Africa
C. India
D. southeast Asia.

85
58. Which of the following explorers, sailing
under the flag of Portugal, reached the west
coast of India in 1498 after rounding the Cape of
Good Hope and crossing the Indian Ocean?

A. John Cabot
B. Vasco da Gama
C. Bartholomew Diaz
D. Amerigo Vespucci
E. Ferdinand Magellan

86
59. The results of the Spanish colonization of
the New World included all of the following
EXCEPT

A. shift of Europe's economic focus from the
Mediterranean to the Atlantic seaboard
B. the development of an important and permanent
gold supply for Europe
C. economic growth in western Europe during the
sixteenth century
D. a large cost of life among the native
population of the colonial territories.

87
59. The results of the Spanish colonization of
the New World included all of the following
EXCEPT

A. shift of Europe's economic focus from the
Mediterranean to the Atlantic seaboard
B. the development of an important and permanent
gold supply for Europe
C. economic growth in western Europe during the
sixteenth century
D. a large cost of life among the native
population of the colonial territories.

88
60. Before the Portuguese gained control of the
spice trade in the Indian Ocean, the trade had
been controlled by the

A. Muslims.
B. Venetians.
C. Spanish.
D. Byzantines.

89
61. Called the "Father of the Indians", he
devoted his energies to the protection of the
indigenous people of the Spanish New World

A. Bartolome de las Casas
B. Antonio Pigafetta
C. Henri Mouhoy
D. Francisco de Coronado

90
61. Called the "Father of the Indians", he
devoted his energies to the protection of the
indigenous people of the Spanish New World

A. Bartolome de las Casas
B. Antonio Pigafetta
C. Henri Mouhoy
D. Francisco de Coronado

91
62. English claims to territories in North
America were based on the exploratory activity of

A. Thomas Wolsey
B. Sir Francis Drake
C. John Cabot
D. Roger Williams

92
62. English claims to territories in North
America were based on the exploratory activity of

A. Thomas Wolsey
B. Sir Francis Drake
C. John Cabot
D. Roger Williams

93
63. Fifteenth-century Europeans were forced to
look westward because of the territorial
expansion by the

A. Byzantines.
B. Magyars.
C. Ottoman Turks.
D. Russians.

94
64. The ability of relatively small European
forces to conquer the powerful Aztec and Incan
empires can be attributed to all of the following
EXCEPT

A. lack of immunity to European diseases among
Aztec and Incan peoples
B. superior European military technology
C. ineffective defenses of Aztec and Incan
cities
D. indigenous people's lack of familiarity with
horses
E. successful European missionary activity

95
64. The ability of relatively small European
forces to conquer the powerful Aztec and Incan
empires can be attributed to all of the following
EXCEPT

A. lack of immunity to European diseases among
Aztec and Incan peoples
B. superior European military technology
C. ineffective defenses of Aztec and Incan
cities
D. indigenous people's lack of familiarity with
horses
E. successful European missionary activity

96
65. European overseas expansion was facilitated
by all of the following innovations EXCEPT the

A. use of sail power.
B. caravel.
C. mounting of cannon on naval vessels.
D. astrolabe.

97
65. European overseas expansion was facilitated
by all of the following innovations EXCEPT the

A. use of sail power.
B. caravel.
C. mounting of cannon on naval vessels.
D. astrolabe.

98
66. "Religion supplies the pretext and gold the
motive." This statement was a contemporary
characterization of

A. the launching of the Spanish Armada
B. the execution of Charles I
C. the posting of the Ninety-five Theses
D. new religious orders such as the Ursulines
E. Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New
World.

99
66. "Religion supplies the pretext and gold the
motive." This statement was a contemporary
characterization of

A. the launching of the Spanish Armada
B. the execution of Charles I
C. the posting of the Ninety-five Theses
D. new religious orders such as the Ursulines
E. Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New
World.

100
67. The establishment of the routes around
Africa to the Orient in the late fifteenth and
early sixteenth centuries ultimately weakened the
commercial primacy of the

A. Italian city-states
B. Byzantine Empire
C. Hanseatic League
D. Low Countries.

101
67. The establishment of the routes around
Africa to the Orient in the late fifteenth and
early sixteenth centuries ultimately weakened the
commercial primacy of the

A. Italian city-states
B. Byzantine Empire
C. Hanseatic League
D. Low Countries.

102
68. By the late seventeenth century, witchcraft
trials and executions had declined in western
Europe in part because of

A. popular uprisings and peasant resistance
against persecution
B. growing feminist protest against persecution
C. official church rejection of the concept of
witches
D. increased disbelief among elites in the
concept of witches
E. a declining number of women practicing
mid-wifery

103
68. By the late seventeenth century, witchcraft
trials and executions had declined in western
Europe in part because of

A. popular uprisings and peasant resistance
against persecution
B. growing feminist protest against persecution
C. official church rejection of the concept of
witches
D. increased disbelief among elites in the
concept of witches
E. a declining number of women practicing
mid-wifery

104
69. Prince Henry II of Portugal is significant
for his

A. role in subduing the Dutch revolt.
B. support of exploration.
C. support of the Protestants in the Thirty
Years' War.
D. opposition to slavery.

105
70. In the mid-sixteenth century, the commercial
capital of the European world was

A. Lisbon.
B. Madrid.
C. London.
D. Antwerp.

106
70. In the mid-sixteenth century, the commercial
capital of the European world was

A. Lisbon.
B. Madrid.
C. London.
D. Antwerp.

107
71. The Dutch East India Company represents the

A. role of Spanish silver in the economic
vitality of the Low Countries.
B. commercial imperialism of the Dutch.
C. peaceful introduction of Christianity into
India.
D. Calvinist missionary activity supported by the
United Provinces.

108
72. The primary motivation for European explorers
was

A. material profit.
B. population pressure.
C. crusading zeal.
D. Renaissance curiosity.

109
73. English entrepreneurs financed the
establishment of New World colonies primarily
through

A. Subsidies and loans from the royal family
B. Private funds from the creation of joint stock
companies
C. Investment funds from European national banks
D. Profits received from pirate activities and
attacks on Spanish fleets
E. Money and materials borrowed from the Dutch

110
73. English entrepreneurs financed the
establishment of New World colonies primarily
through

A. Subsidies and loans from the royal family
B. Private funds from the creation of joint stock
companies
C. Investment funds from European national banks
D. Profits received from pirate activities and
attacks on Spanish fleets
E. Money and materials borrowed from the Dutch

111
Life/culture

Peter Paul Rubens
112
74. In the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries, Protestants

A. believed marriage should be based on love.
B. saw marriage as a contract between husband and
wife.
C. and Catholics viewed marriage as a permanent
union.
D. encouraged marriages arranged by parents.

113
74. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,
Protestants

A. believed marriage should be based on love.
B. saw marriage as a contract between husband and
wife.
C. and Catholics viewed marriage as a permanent
union.
D. encouraged marriages arranged by parents.

114
75. Peter Paul Rubens is best remembered as

A. a painter whose work exemplifies the
sensuality of baroque painting.
B. the leader of the Dutch revolt against the
Spanish.
C. a Huguenot leader in France.
D. the writer who developed the essay as a
literary genre.

115
76. The great witch hunt reflects the

A. increased role of witchcraft among Europeans
of the era.
B. impact of tolerant attitudes produced by the
Reformation.
C. changing status of women.
D. anxiety created by the European discovery of
the Americas.

116
76. The great witch hunt reflects the

A. increased role of witchcraft among Europeans
of the era.
B. impact of tolerant attitudes produced by the
Reformation.
C. changing status of women.
D. anxiety created by the European discovery of
the Americas.

117
77. The dominant characteristic of Michel de
Montaigne's writings was his

A. piety.
B. French nationalism.
C. dogmatic Catholicism.
D. tolerant sensitivity.

118
77. The dominant characteristic of Michel de
Montaigne's writings was his

A. piety.
B. French nationalism.
dogmatic Catholicism.
tolerant sensitivity.

119
78. Baroque art was

A. reserved for rich patrons and the educated
elite.
B. intended to kindle the faith of the common
people.
C. banned in Protestant countries.
D. simple and austere, lacking in emotion.

120
78. Baroque art was

A. reserved for rich patrons and the educated
elite.
B. intended to kindle the faith of the common
people.
C. banned in Protestant countries.
D. simple and austere, lacking in emotion.

121
79. In early modern Europe, women were accused of
practicing witchcraft more often than men because
of the belief that women

A. lived longer
B. had too much political power
C. had more money
D. were more prone to violence
E. were more vulnerable to temptation

122
80. Baroque art of the seventeenth century has
tended to be associated with

A. the Catholic Counter-Reformation
B. the rising middle class
C. the anti-religious attitudes of the new
scientists
D. all of the above

123
81. The first important operas, creations of the
baroque age, were written in

A. Paris
B. Munich
C. London
D. Venice

124
81. The first important operas, creations of the
baroque age, were written in

A. Paris
B. Munich
C. London
D. Venice

125
82. He was best known for his design of St.
Paul's Cathedral in London

A. Sir Christopher Wren
B. Thomas Hobbes
C. Henry Purcell
D. John Milton

126
82. He was best known for his design of St.
Paul's Cathedral in London

A. Sir Christopher Wren
B. Thomas Hobbes
C. Henry Purcell
D. John Milton

127
83. Religious change in the seventeenth century
Netherlands led to

A great vitality in intellectual and artisitic
life
An emphasis on decorative rather than fine arts
A rebirth of fresco painting in the churches
The exclusion of women artists from portrait
painting
The establishment of official censorship to purge
Catholic influences from the arts

128
83. Religious change in the seventeenth century
Netherlands led to

A great vitality in intellectual and artistic
life
An emphasis on decorative rather than fine arts
A rebirth of fresco painting in the churches
The exclusion of women artists from portrait
painting
The establishment of official censorship to purge
Catholic influences from the arts

129
84. During the Thirty Years War, France pursued
a policy of

Supporting the Hapsburgs against the Protestant
princes and rulers
Allowing French Protestants to fight for the
Protestants even though the monarchy supported
the Roman Catholics
Supporting the Protestant princes and rulers
against the Hapsburgs
Remaining neutral
Opposing England in order to recapture Normandy

130
85. A primary goal of Philip II of Spain was to