U'S' Foreign Policy and the Cold War

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U.S. Foreign Policy and the Cold War

• Post WWII to 1960

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Post WWII

• Soviet Union goes from ally to enemy
• United States fears the spread of communism
  throughout Europe and the world
• United States takes action to stop the spread of
  communism
• Soviet Union looks at capitalism as a threat to
  their government

3
Marshall Plan

• Rebuild European countries devastated by war
• 13 million in aid.equivalent to 130 million
  today!
• Rebuilt economies above prewar levels
• The Marshall plan would be the first step towards
  free trade and globalization in Europe

4
Countries receiving aid with percentage in red
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Truman Doctrine

• Money, equipment or military force to any country
  threatened by communism
• Spurred by communist aggression in Iran, Turkey
  and Greece
• Led to policy of Containment
• Factor in our involvement in the Vietnam War

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Containment

• U.S. Foreign policy of preventing the Soviet
  Union from spreading communism throughout the
  world
• George Kennan and the long telegram..S.U. at war
  with capitalisms, socialism and democracy enemies
  of each other, S.U. would use Marxists to spread
  communisms in capitalist countries!

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NATONorth Atlantic treaty organization

• April 4, 1949
• Article V-Attack on oneattack on all. Agree to
  protect and fight for each other
• Really set up to protect against S.U.
• Same idea as Wilsons League of Nations, this
  time widely accepted
• Article V never invoked until 9-11

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Member nations of NATO 1949
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Warsaw Pact 1955

• In response to NATO
• S.U. and Eastern Europe communist countries
• Attack on oneattack on all
• Collapsed with end of communism in S.U. and
  Eastern Europe in 1990

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Warsaw Pact nations
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Eisenhower

• Threat of nuclear weapons helps to end Korean War
• Attempts to push for détente after Stalins death
• Invites Khrushchev to White House
• U2 spy plane ends hopes of détente
• Fails to stop communism in Vietnam in 1954leads
  to split of Vietnam

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Arms Race

• fields in which arms races occurred include
  nuclear weapons, jet fighters, bombers, chemical
  weapons, biological weapons, anti-aircraft
  warfare, surface-to-surface missiles (including
  cruise missiles), inter-continental ballistic
  missiles , anti-ballistic missiles, anti-tank
  weapons, submarines and anti-submarine warfare,
  submarine-launched ballistic missiles, electronic
  intelligence, signals intelligence,
  reconnaissance aircraft and spy satellites

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Which Foreign Policy Theme are the Cold War
Events tied to?
Washingtons Farewell Address or Monroe
Doctrine