SOL Review American Foreign Policy

1
SOL ReviewAmerican Foreign Policy Diplomatic
History
2
What country helped the Americans win their
independence from England?

• France

3
What two nations signed the Treaty of Alliance in
1778?

• The United States
• France

4
What American negotiated the Treaty of Alliance
with France in 1778?

• Benjamin Franklin

5
What official is the nations chief diplomat?

• The President, assisted by the Secretary of State

6
What does the Secretary of State do?

• Handles foreign affairs for the President

7
Define Isolationism.

• The United States should stay out of world
  affairs.

8
What set precedent for Isolationism?

• Washingtons Farewell Address

9
What president bought the Louisiana Territory?

• Thomas Jefferson

10
From what country did the United States purchase
the Louisiana Territory?

• France

11
How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size
of the United States?

• Doubled it

12
What war lasted from 1812 to 1815?

• The War of 1812

13
What two countries fought the War of 1812?

• The United States
• Great Britain

14
What territory did the United States claim after
the War of 1812?

• The Oregon Territory

15
What territory did the United States acquire in
1819?

• Florida

16
From what country did the United States acquire
Florida?

• Spain

17
What issue did the Monroe Doctrine involve?

• Foreign Policy

18
What set forth the basic principles of American
foreign policy from 1823 until the end of the
19th century?

• The Monroe Doctrine

19
What were the 4 points of the Monroe Doctrine?
20

• No more European colonies in the Americas
• Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics
  countries in Europe were monarchies
• If European countries threatened any country in
  Americas, then they threatened the United States
• U.S. would stay out of European affairs

21
What was the most important point of the Monroe
Doctrine?

• European countries should stay out of the affairs
  of the Western Hemisphere

22
What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for
American presidents ?

• American presidents would consider it a threat to
  the United States, if European countries meddled
  with countries in the Western Hemisphere

23
What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for
American presidents ?

• American presidents would consider it a threat to
  the United States, if European countries meddled
  with countries in the Western Hemisphere

24
What idea provided political support for
territorial expansion?

• Manifest Destiny

25
What was Manifest Destiny?

• The belief that it was Gods will for the United
  States to stretch from the Atlantic to the
  Pacific Ocean

26
What war lasted from 1846 to 1848?

• The Mexican War

27
What two countries fought in the Mexican War?

• The United States
• Mexico

28
Who won the Mexican War?

• The United States

29
What was the Mexican Cession?

• The territory the United States got from Mexico
  at the end of the Mexican War

30
What present-day states were part of the Mexican
Cession?
31

• California
• Nevada
• Utah
• Arizona
• part of Colorado
• part of New Mexico

32
Define Imperialism.

• One country gaining political or economic control
  over another country

33
What Pacific island chain did the U.S. annex
(add) during the 1890s?

• Hawaii

34
Who was the last native ruler of Hawaii?

• Queen Liluokalani

35
What was the Open Door Policy?

• All nations would have equal trading rights in
  China

36
Who won the Spanish-American War?

• The United States

37
What territory did the U.S. get in the
Spanish-American War?

• Philippines
• Puerto Rico

38
At the end of the Spanish-American War in what
country did the U.S. say it could intervene
militarily?

• Cuba

39
Who was president when the Panama Canal was built?

• Theodore Roosevelt

40
What did the Panama Canal do?

• Provided a short-cut between the Atlantic and
  Pacific Oceans

41
What president was known for Dollar Diplomacy?

• William Howard Taft

42
What was Dollar Diplomacy?

• U.S. business would invest in Latin America
• If necessary, U.S. would intervene militarily in
  Latin America

43
Name 2 examples of American economic imperialism

• Open Door Policy
• Dollar Diplomacy

44
What was the basis of U.S. foreign policy from
President Washington until World War I?

• Isolationism

45
When did World War I occur?

• 1914-1918

46
Who were the Central Powers in World War I?

• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire

47
Who were the Allies in World War I?

• Great Britain
• France
• Russia

48
What major nation joined the Allies and entered
World War I in 1917?

• The United States

49
Did the Central Powers or the Allies win World
War I?

• The Allies

50
Who developed the Fourteen Points?

• Woodrow Wilson

51
What were the 3 key ideas of the Fourteen Points?

• National self-determination
• Freedom of the seas
• League of Nations

52
What is national self-determination?

• The idea that each national group should be in
  charge of its own destiny

53
What was the League of Nations?

• An organization of nations started at the end of
  World War I to maintain peace

54
What treaty ended World War I?

• The Versailles Treaty

55
What were the 4 key points of the Versailles
Treaty?

• National Self-determination
• Freedom of the Seas
• the League of Nations
• the Mandate System

56
What is internationalism?

• The opposite of isolationism
• Heavy involvement in foreign affairs

57
Except for a period in the 1920s and 1930s, what
has been the basis of U.S. foreign policy from
World War I to the Present?

• Internationalism

58
Who was president during World War II?

• Franklin D. Roosevelt

59
Identify the Lend-Lease Act.

• A law which allowed the President to sell, lease,
  or lend defense equipment to nations which the
  President considered vital to American security
• Allowed FDR to help the British against Germany

60
What event brought the U.S. into World War II?

• Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

61
What were the Axis nations during World War II?

• Germany
• Italy
• Japan

62
Who was the leader of Germany during World War II?

• Adolf Hitler

63
Who were the Allies in World War II?

• Great Britain
• the Soviet Union
• the United States

64
Who was the leader of Great Britain during World
War II?

• Winston Churchill

65
Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during
World War II?

• Joseph Stalin

66
What happened at the Battle of Stalingrad?

• Soviet army defeated the Germans
• Prevented the Germans from seizing the Soviet oil
  fields
• Turned the tide against the Germans on the
  eastern front

67
What happened at the Normandy landings (D-Day)?

• American and Allied troops landed in France.
• Liberation of Western Europe had begun.

68
Who was the commander of the Allied forces at the
D-Day invasion?

• Dwight D. Eisenhower

69
What was the turning point of the war in the
Pacific?

• The Battle of Midway

70
What was the Allied strategy in the Pacific?

• Island hopping

71
How did the United States end the war in the
Pacific?

• Dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

72
What was the Holocaust?

• Nazi Germanys systematic murder of European Jews.

73
What were the Nuremberg Trials?

• Trials of Nazi leaders for war crimes

74
How did the U.S. maintain an adequate supply of
products for the war effort?

• Rationing each family received a monthly
  allowance of essential items (sugar, gasoline,
  meat)

75
How did the Roosevelt administration finance
World War II?

• War bonds
• The federal income tax

76
What was the Selective Service Act?

• 1940 law which established the first peacetime
  draft in American history

77
What was the Selective Service Act?

• 1940 law which established the first peacetime
  draft in American history

78
What happened to most Japanese-Americans during
World War II?

• Relocated to internment camps, where they were
  required to stay until the end of the war

79
Who became president when FDR died?

• Harry S. Truman

80
What was the Cold War?

• The war of words between the United States and
  the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991

81
What was the Truman Doctrine?

• U.S. would defend free peoples who were resisting
  attempted subjugation (control) by armed
  minorities or outside pressure groups

82
What was the Marshall Plan?

• U.S. economic aid program to European nations
  after World War II

83
What was containment?

• The American policy to limit communism to those
  areas where it already existed

84
What is communism?

• An economic system in which all property and
  means of production are owned by society as a
  whole (i.e., by the govt. in the name of the
  people)

85
Who was the Communist Chinese leader?

• Mao Zedong

86
Who was the anti-communist Chinese leader?

• Chiang Kai-shek

87
What is Taiwan?

• Anti-communist nation founded on the island of
  Formosa when Chiang fled China

88
Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?

• A couple who worked on the U.S. atomic project
• They were convicted of espionage and executed

89
Who was Alger Hiss?

• A U.S. State Department official charged with
  giving secret documents to the Soviets
• Convicted of perjury

90
What was NATO?

• A defensive military alliance of U.S. and Western
  European countries
• An attack on one would be considered an attack on
  all

91
What was the Korean War?

• The 1950-1953 war caused when communist North
  Korea invaded anti-communist South Korea

92
What policy resulted in American involvement in
the Korean War?

• Containment

93
What is the United Nations?

• An international organization to keep peace in
  the world

94
Who was Senator Joseph McCarthy?

• A Republican senator who accused many American
  officials of being communists

95
What was McCarthyism?

• Unfairly accusing others of disloyalty and
  subversion (overthrow of the government)

96
What was McCarthyism?

• Unfairly accusing others of disloyalty and
  subversion (overthrow of the government)

97
What was Massive Retaliation?

• President Eisenhowers policy that the U.S. would
  use swift all-out military actions against any
  nation committing aggression (attack)

98
What federal agency coordinates the spy
activities of the United States government?

• Central Intelligence Agency or CIA

99
What was the Bay of Pigs?

• The CIA sponsored invasion of Cuba by Cuban
  exiles to overthrow Castro. It failed!

100
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

• Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba
• U.S. blockaded Cuba
• Soviets removed the missiles

101

• What Cold War policy resulted in American
  involvement in Vietnam?
• Containment

102

• What European colonial power controlled Indochina
  after World War II? (Indochina included
  Vietnam.)
• France

103

• Who was the leader of the Vietnamese independence
  movement?
• Ho Chi Minh

104

• Why did the United States support Frances
  efforts after World War II to keep Indochina as a
  colony?
• Ho Chi Minh was a communist.

105

• What was the name of the South Vietnamese
  communists who tried to overthrow the South
  Vietnamese government? They were guerilla
  fighters.
• Vietcong

106

• What was the official name of the Vietcong?
• The National Liberation Front

107

• What president escalated (increased) American
  military involvement in the Vietnam War to
  540,000 troops?
• Lyndon B. Johnson

108

• What did Nixon call his policy to turn over the
  war to the South Vietnamese army and
  simultaneously withdraw American troops?
• Vietnamization

109

• What country supplied the North Vietnamese Army?
• The Soviet Union

110

• What happened in Vietnam? In other words, how
  did the Vietnam War end?
• Communist North Vietnam took over South Vietnam
  and reunited the country under communist rule.

111

• What type of government did Vietnam have when it
  was reunified in 1975?
• Communist

112
In chronological order name the American
presidents, who served during the Vietnam War.
113
(Ten evil kids jacked Nixons Ford.)

• Truman
• Eisenhower
• Kennedy
• Johnson
• Nixon
• Ford

114

• Who was President Nixons most important
  Secretary of State?
• Henry Kissinger

115

• With what country did President Nixon begin to
  establish formal diplomatic relations in 1972?
• Communist China

116

• Name the Soviet-American discussions to establish
  limits on the number of nuclear weapons.
• The SALT talks

117

• Name the first treaty to establish limits on the
  number of nuclear weapons held by the United
  States and the Soviet Union.
• The SALT Treaty

118

• What was the basis of President Reagans defense
  policy?
• A massive military buildup

119

• What was the effect of President Reagans
  military buildup on American relations with the
  Soviet Union?
• It increased tension between the United States
  and the Soviet Union.

120

• What action did President Reagan take in Western
  Europe during his first term?
• Reagan placed new nuclear missiles in Western
  Europe.

121

• Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in
  1985? This leader was known for the policies of
  Glasnost and Perestroika.
• Mikhail Gorbachev

122

• What is the Russian word for openness?
• Glasnost

123

• Name Gorbachevs policy of encouraging freedom of
  expression in the Soviet Union.
• Glasnost

124

• What Russian word referred to restructuring
  Soviet society?
• Perestroika

125

• What type of restructuring did Perestroika do?
• Economic restructuring

126

• What countries were Soviet satellites after World
  War II?
• The countries of Eastern Europe

127

• What does one call a nation that is formally
  independent, but dominated by another power?
• A satellite

128

• What was the name of the revolutionary labor
  movement in Poland during the 1980s?
• The Solidarity movement

129
What was the best known symbol of the Cold War?

• The Berlin Wall

130

• What happened to the Berlin Wall in 1989?
• It was torn down.

131

• What happened in Germany in 1990?
• East Germany and West Germany reunited under the
  democratic West German government.

132

• What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991?
• It fell apart or collapsed.

133

• What action did Gorbachev take on Christmas Day,
  1991?
• He resigned and declared the Soviet Union had
  ended.

134

• In chronological order name the leaders of the
  Soviet Union during the Cold War.

135
(Stupid kids buy guns.)

• Stalin
• Krushchev
• Brezhnev
• Gorbachev