Chapter 23 American Foreign Policy Through The Years

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Chapter 23American Foreign Policy Through The
Years
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Different Forms of Government

• Governments around the world vary.
• Some countries have a representative democracy,
  like the United States.
• Some countries are run by just a few people.
• Still others are run by just one person.
• Some governments control both the government and
  the economy others, like ours, try to let the
  economy play out without much government
  intervention.

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Different Forms of Government

• Direct Democracy is a form of government in which
  all the people meet together at one place to make
  laws and decide what actions to take.
• Example-Ancient Athens
• Representative Democracy is a form of government
  in which the people elect representatives to
  carry on the work of government for them. This is
  also known as a republic.

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Different Forms of Government

• Monarchy is a government run by a King or Queen
  usually hereditary (passed down from parent to
  child). (Spain)
• Absolute monarchy exercises ultimate governing
  authority as head of state and head of
  government his or her powers are not limited by
  a constitution or by the law (Brunei)
• Oligarchy is a government run by just a few
  people or a small group (Iran)
• Autocracy is a government completely controlled
  by one person who can do anything they want as
  ruler. (North Korea)

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Different Forms of Government

• Socialism is an economic and political system
  that pushes for society to oversee and run the
  economy and other parts of daily life.
  (Venezuela)
• Communism is a governmental system that calls for
  the community to own and run all business and
  make all economic decisions.
• Sometimes this term is used to describe an
  autocratic government where central planning
  determines all. (Cuba)

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Different forms of Government

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vvdh9xo47OWM

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United States Foreign Policy

• Isolationism is the policy of avoiding conflict
  with foreign nations by limiting foreign
  relations.
• For the first 170 years or so of the history of
  the United States, the U.S. government tried to
  stay out of foreign affairs and focus on
  domestic affairs (focus on its own
  problems). Foreign affairs- a nations
  relationship with other nations
• Domestic affairs- relations within a country

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United States Foreign Policy

• Neutrality is the idea that government should not
  be involved in a foreign conflict to stay out of
  a war or not to choose sides.

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United States Foreign Policy

• A doctrine in foreign affairs is a policy
  regarding a governments plan on dealing with
  other governments in certain situations.
• The U.S. implemented the Monroe Doctrine for
  about 100 years. This stated that the U.S. would
  treat any European involvement in Latin American
  matters as an act of aggression and war.

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Example of US Foreign Policy

• To ensure that the Monroe Doctrine was followed,
  the Roosevelt Corollary was established by
  Theodore Roosevelt.
• This statement said that the U.S. would get
  involved in the matters of any Latin American
  country if they could not govern themselves.
• A corollary is a statement that comes forth as a
  natural or logical result.

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Example of US Foreign Policy

• Dollar diplomacy was the name given to the policy
  of sending American troops to protect private
  American financial interests in unstable Latin
  American countries. (using money to secure
  relationships)
• Because using American troops in neighboring
  countries did not make those countries happy with
  the U.S., President Franklin Roosevelt decided in
  1933 to adopt a Good Neighbor Policy which
  stopped American military involvement in Latin
  American countries.

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Each branch of US Government impacts foreign
policy
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The Three Branches of Government and Foreign
Policy

• The Executive
• The President is Commander-in-Chief of the
  military.
• The Presidents advisor, the Secretary of State,
  helps manage relations with foreign countries.
• The President appoints Ambassadors to foreign
  countries.
• The President negotiates treaties with other
  nations.
• The Legislature
• The Senate ratifies (or confirms) treaties with
  other countries by a 2/3 vote.
• The Judiciary
• The Supreme Court has the power to interpret
  treaties ratified by the Senate.

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Timeline of American Foreign Policy
TIME PERIOD FOREIGN POLICY APPROACH WAR or PEACE? RESULT
1776-1783 War of Independence WAR US gains Independence from Great Britain
1783-1812 Isolationism (Neutrality) Peace Establishing the Nation
1812-1815 War of 1812 WAR U.S. protects its economic political rights
1815-1846 Isolationism/ Monroe Doctrine Peace Westward Expansion
1846-1848 Mexican War WAR The U.S. gains more territory to allow westward expansion
1848-1898 Isolationism (Neutrality) / Monroe Doctrine Peace with Neighbors Long period of Monroe Doctrine and Isolationism and distracted by the Civil War, 1861-1865
1898 The Spanish-American War WAR Protected U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere
1898-1915 Isolationism (Neutrality) Peace Trying to stay out of global conflict (The Roosevelt Corollary)
1915-1919 World War I WAR U.S. pulled into WWI through the sinking of a British ship containing US citizens by a German U-Boat became Global Player
1919-1941 Isolationism (Neutrality) Peace Trying to stay out of global conflict (The Good Neighbor Policy)
1941-1945 World War II WAR U.S. pulled into WWII and became a Global Player
1945-1991 The Cold War Peace (sort of) The U.S. was in an international standoff and power struggle with the Soviet Union. Tried to contain Communism and keep the balance of power. The U.S. joins NATO and the UN.